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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108440</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2022.2.201520</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Differential diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дифференциальный диагноз сосудистых когнитивных нарушений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-540X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>Ольга Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)</p></bio><email>oia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-3264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)</p></bio><email>zakharovenator@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/108440">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/108440</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), аccording to world statistics, is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Differential diagnosis between the two most common nosological forms of cognitive impairment is not always simple and is based on the clinical characteristic, neuropsychological and neuroradiological features of the disease.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To present a differential diagnosis between VCI and AD using the example of a clinical case of vascular mild cognitive impairment.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A 68-year-old female patient with mild cognitive impairment underwent a neuropsychological testing: the Mini-mental state exam, Frontal assessment battery, the MoCA-test, the Clock-Drawing Test, the 12 Words test, Verbal Association Technique (literal and categorical), The Trail making test (A and B), The digit symbol substitution test, The Boston naming test (40 images), EXIT-25, Beck Depression Scale, Hospital anxiety and depression scale; neuroimaging – magnetic resonance imaging in T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, SWI sequence.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>On the basis of clinical data, the results of neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging, the differential diagnosis with AD, the patient was diagnosed with vascular mild cognitive impairment. Nootropic therapy (choline alfoscerate) was prescribed and recommendations on risk factors correction were given.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The article describes a patient with mild VCI. This case study discusses the main differences between AD and VCI that can be used as a basis for differential diagnosis. The features of cognitive impairments in VCI and AD are described, including the predominance of attention impairment, an executive function disorder in VCI and an impairment of memory progressing according to the Ribot’s law in AD. Differences in visuospatial skills and language in VCI and AD are discussed. The most reliable neuroradiological signs of cerebrovascular diseases are described.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения (СКН) занимают 2-е место после болезни Альцгеймера (БА) в структуре причин когнитивных нарушений (КН). Дифференциальный диагноз между СКН и БА не всегда прост и базируется на характерных клинических, нейропсихологических и нейрорадиологических особенностях заболеваний.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Представить дифференциальный диагноз между СКН и БА на примере клинического случая умеренных КН сосудистой этиологии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Пациентка, 68 лет, с синдромом умеренных КН, которой было проведено нейропсихологическое исследование: краткая шкала оценки психического статуса, батарея тестов для оценки лобной дисфункции, Монреальский когнитивный тест, тест рисования часов, тест «12 слов», методика вербальных ассоциаций (литеральных и категориальных), тест прокладывания маршрута (А и В), тест символьно-цифрового кодирования, сокращенный вариант Бостонского теста называния (40 изображений), EXIT-25, шкала депрессии Бека, госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии; нейровизуализация – магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга в режимах Т1, Т2, FLAIR, DWI, SWI.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>На основании клинических данных, результатов нейропсихологического тестирования и нейровизуализации, а также проведенного дифференциального диагноза с БА пациентке установлен диагноз «хроническая ишемия головного мозга, синдром умеренных КН по подкорковому типу». Назначена ноотропная терапия (холина альфосцерат), даны рекомендации по коррекции факторов риска.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На данном клиническом примере рассмотрены основные различия между БА и СКН. Описаны особенности КН при СКН и БА, в том числе преобладание нарушений внимания и управляющих функций при СКН и нарушений памяти, прогрессирующих по закону Рибо, при БА; различия зрительно-пространственных и речевых функций при СКН и БА; наиболее надежные нейрорадиологические признаки СКН.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological testing</kwd><kwd>attention</kwd><kwd>executive function</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>visuospatial dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейропсихологическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>внимание</kwd><kwd>управляющая функция</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>зрительно-пространственные расстройства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kalaria RN, Maestre GE, Arizaga R, et al. 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