Consilium MedicumConsilium MedicumConsilium MedicumConsilium Medicum2075-17532542-2170Consilium Medicum63328410.26442/20751753.2024.3.202658ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleNeutrophilic asthma: current prospects. A reviewНейтрофильная астма: текущие перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-926XGaynitdinovaViliya V.ГайнитдиноваВилия Вилевна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.)

д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. пульмонологии

ivv_08@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-5000MerzhoevaZamira M.МержоеваЗамира Магомедовна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

канд. мед. наук, зав. пульмонологическим отд-нием Университетской клинической больницы №4, доц. каф. пульмонологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского

zamira.merzoeva@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-0801AleksandrovaAlena A.АлександроваАлена Алексеевна
Russian Federation

pulmonologist

врач-пульмонолог

alenchik2804@mail.ruSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)Central Clinical Hospital with a PolyclinicФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ18052024263Otorhinolaryngology and pulmonologyОториноларингология и пульмонология1871920606202406062024Copyright ©; 2024, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2024, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2024Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/633284

Asthma, caused by eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, is caused by exposure to allergen, is well treated with glucocorticostroids or monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-4 and 5, but some patients do not develop an answer to this therapy. The given type of asthma is classified as non-eosinophilic asthma. Depending on the proportion of infiltrating cells, non-eosinophilic asthma can be divided into neutrophil asthma (NA), mixed granulocytic asthma, and small ranulocytic asthma. It should be noted that the NA criteria are not clearly defined. For example, in one study, inflammation is thought to be neutrophilic with less than 2.5% of eosinophils and more than 65% of neutrophils in the sputum, while in another study 61% of neutrophils and more are thought to be. The role of neutrophils in asthma has been studied, but there is debate about the presence of NA. Several studies have shown that neutrophilic inflammation is associated with severe asthma and the risk of increased asthma. The article considers pathogenesis, definition, biomarkers NA and potential therapy NA.

Астма, вызванная эозинофильным воспалением дыхательных путей, обусловлена воздействием аллергена, хорошо лечится глюкокортикостероидами или моноклональными антителами к интерлейкину-4 и 5, но у некоторых пациентов не возникает ответа на данную терапию. Приведенный тип астмы классифицируется как неэозинофильная астма. В зависимости от доли инфильтрирующих клеток неэозинофильную астму можно подразделить на нейтрофильную астму (НА), смешанную гранулоцитарную астму и малогранулоцитарную астму. Нужно отметить, что критерии НА определены недостаточно четко. Например, по данным одного исследования, воспаление считается нейтрофильным при наличии в мокроте менее 2,5% эозинофилов и более 65% нейтрофилов, в то время как согласно результатам другого исследования – при 61% нейтрофилов и более. Роль нейтрофилов при астме изучена, однако возникают споры о наличии НА. В нескольких исследованиях приведены доказательства того, что нейтрофильное воспаление связано с тяжелой астмой и риском обострения астмы. В статье рассматриваются патогенез, определение, биомаркеры НА и потенциальная терапия НА.

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