Consilium MedicumConsilium MedicumConsilium MedicumConsilium Medicum2075-17532542-2170Consilium Medicum63676110.26442/20751753.2024.8.202876ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleSkin infections in atopic dermatitis: clinic, treatment. A reviewИнфекции кожи при атопическом дерматите: клиника, лечениеMacharadzeDali Sh.МачарадзеДали Шотаевна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.)

д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. клинического отд.

dalim_a@mail.ruGabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and MicrobiologyФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского»06102024268Dermatology and allergologyДерматология и аллергология4985040610202406102024Copyright ©; 2024, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2024, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2024Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/636761

Infection is the most common complication of atopic dermatitis (AtD). In particular, some patients with AtD exhibit increased susceptibility to skin infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiologies. In some cases, infections can even be systemic. Bacterial skin infections are more common than viral and fungal ones. An especially severe infection caused by the herpes virus is herpetic eczema, which can cause life-threatening complications. Infections of fungal etiology are represented mainly by the Malassezia species, especially in patients with dermatitis of the head and neck. The review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms identified to date that are thought to predispose to skin infections. The main ones are impaired skin barrier function, complex immunological changes, as well as poorly understood factors such as environmental exposure and skin dysbiosis. The review also includes the clinical characteristics of patients with various skin infections, as well as appropriate treatment for complications of AtD.

Инфекция является наиболее частым осложнением атопического дерматита (АтД). В частности, некоторые пациенты с АтД проявляют повышенную восприимчивость к инфекциям кожи бактериальной, вирусной и грибковой этиологий. В ряде случаев инфекции даже могут быть системными. Бактериальные инфекции кожи встречаются чаще, чем вирусные и грибковые. Особенно тяжело протекает инфекция, вызванная герпес-вирусом, – герпетическая экзема, которая может спровоцировать опасные для жизни осложнения. Инфекции грибковой этиологии представлены главным образом видом Malassezia, особенно у больных с дерматитом головы и шеи. В обзоре особое внимание уделяется выявленным в настоящее время патофизиологическим механизмам, которые предположительно приводят к инфекциям кожи. Основными из них являются нарушение барьерной функции кожи, сложные иммунологические изменения, а также такие малопонятные факторы, как воздействие окружающей среды и дисбиоз кожи. Обзор включает также клиническую характеристику пациентов с различными инфекциями кожи, соответствующую терапию осложнений АтД.

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