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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689713</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2026.5.203441</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A modern perspective on the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs and exosomes in inflammatory bowel disease development: a literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современный взгляд на регуляторную роль некодирующих РНК и экзосом в развитии воспалительных заболеваний кишечника: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6548-3033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelnikova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельникова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assist.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7799-9096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mardamshina</surname><given-names>Guzel R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мардамшина</surname><given-names>Гузель Рамилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assist.</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6906-6343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>Adelina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Аделина Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assist.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6219-4402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shokurova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шокурова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7280-457X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzakhmedova</surname><given-names>Kamila Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мерзахмедова</surname><given-names>Камила Хусейновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5844-1923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalova</surname><given-names>Regina F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалова</surname><given-names>Регина Фаридовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4924-3283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mingazov</surname><given-names>Daniil R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мингазов</surname><given-names>Даниил Ренатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8447-5650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabibullina</surname><given-names>Safiya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабибуллина</surname><given-names>Сафия Рустемовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8782-2772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedov</surname><given-names>Magomedsaid A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедов</surname><given-names>Магомедсаид Абдуллаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1491-0402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>Anisat O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>Анисат Омаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3863-6821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtuzova</surname><given-names>Zhavgarat M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртузова</surname><given-names>Жавгарат Мурадовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4053-7556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabekova</surname><given-names>Malena B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабекова</surname><given-names>Малена Балабеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1253-4817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirkhanova</surname><given-names>Raksana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирханова</surname><given-names>Раксана Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1355-227X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apryatkina</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апряткина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>krios.gip.14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Gastroenterology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Гастроэнтерология</issue-title><fpage>374</fpage><lpage>380</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-17"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/689713">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/689713</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review systematically synthesizes current data on the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The review was prepared by searching PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for the period 2018–2025 using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria were original studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of IBD, focusing on the role of ncRNAs and exosomes in IBD diagnosis and therapy. Various classes of ncRNAs were found to be key regulators of immune response, inflammation, and intestinal barrier integrity. Pro-inflammatory miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-155) promote chronic inflammation by activating the NF-κB pathway, while reduced anti-inflammatory mirnas (e.g., miR-146a) can lead to immune system component dysfunction. Exosomes, in turn, mediate intercellular communication with ambivalent effects: they can exacerbate inflammation by transferring pro-inflammatory factors or exert significant therapeutic effects by delivering anti-inflammatory agents. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells showed the highest efficacy due to their ability to polarize macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, restore barrier function, and modulate cytokines. The findings open new perspectives for developing non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers based on ncRNAs and innovative therapeutic strategies, such as inhibiting pathogenic ncRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides and using anti-inflammatory exosomes for targeted therapy. However, standardization of isolation methods, biomarker validation, and addressing safety concerns for their application and production are necessary for clinical implementation.</p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор литературы посвящен систематизации современных данных о регуляторной роли некодирующих РНК (нкРНК) и экзосом в патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК). Для подготовки обзора проведен поиск в базах данных PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, Google Scholar и ScienceDirect за период с 2018 по 2025 г. с использованием ключевых слов, соответствующих тематике. Критериями включения стали оригинальные исследования, изучающие молекулярные механизмы ВЗК, с акцентом на роль нкРНК и экзосом в диагностике и терапии ВЗК. Установлено, что различные классы нкРНК являются ключевыми регуляторами иммунного ответа, воспаления и целостности кишечного барьера. Провоспалительные miRNA (такие как miR-21, miR-155) способствуют хронизации воспалительного процесса путем активации пути транскрипционного фактора, в то время как снижение противовоспалительных miRNA (miR-146a) может привести к дисфункции компонентов иммунной системы. Экзосомы, в свою очередь, выступают медиаторами межклеточной коммуникации, обладая амбивалентными эффектами: они могут как усугублять воспаление, перенося провоспалительные факторы, так и оказывать выраженный терапевтический эффект, доставляя противовоспалительные агенты. Экзосомы из мезенхимальных стволовых клеток показали наиболее высокую эффективность благодаря своей способности к поляризации макрофагов в противовоспалительный фенотип М2, восстановлению барьерной функции и модуляции цитокинов. Полученные данные открывают новые перспективы для разработки неинвазивных диагностических биомаркеров на основе нкРНК и инновационных терапевтических стратегий, таких как ингибирование патогенных нкРНК антисмысловыми олигонуклеотидами и применение противовоспалительных экзосом для таргетной терапии. Однако для внедрения в клиническую практику необходимы стандартизация методов выделения, валидация биомаркеров и решение вопросов безопасности их применения и производства.</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd><kwd>non-coding RNAs</kwd><kwd>Crohn’s disease</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>epigenetic regulation</kwd><kwd>immune regulation</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>intestinal barrier</kwd><kwd>exosomal vesicles</kwd><kwd>autoimmune processes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>некодирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>эпигенетическая регуляция</kwd><kwd>иммунная регуляция</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>кишечный барьер</kwd><kwd>экзосомальные везикулы</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные процессы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Осипенко М.Ф., Валуйских Е.Ю., Светлова И.О., и др. 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