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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689944</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2026.2.203554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The relationship between anemia and cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь анемии с когнитивными и тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-0058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Marina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Марина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. поликлинической терапии и семейной медицины с курсом последипломного образования</p></bio><email>stk99@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-5265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimokhina</surname><given-names>Natalya Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимохина</surname><given-names>Наталья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. поликлинической терапии и семейной медицины с курсом последипломного образования</p></bio><email>stk99@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6038-0550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Алина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>suvorova133708@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Neurology and rheumatology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Неврология и ревматология</issue-title><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/689944">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/689944</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anemia, cognitive impairments, and anxiety-depressive disorders represent a significant medical-social and economic problem whose prevalence increases with age. These conditions significantly reduce patients' quality of life, increase the risk of comorbidities, and enhance mortality rates. Despite their high frequency and substantial impact on public health, the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of these disorders remain poorly understood. Potential pathways linking anemia, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety-depression may include common etiopathogenic factors such as low socioeconomic status, inadequate education level, and physical inactivity. Additionally, there is evidence for similar molecular pathological processes related to aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration in brain tissue and target organs, micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B group, folic acid), and endocrine dysfunctions (hypothyroidism, androgen deficiency). Furthermore, these conditions are characterized by underdiagnosis and insufficient treatment, leading to exacerbation of each disorder's course and worsening prognosis for affected individuals. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between anemia, cognitive decline, and anxious-depressive symptoms is crucial for developing effective diagnostic strategies and optimal therapeutic approaches aimed at improving quality of life and reducing disability among elderly people and those suffering from chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to systematize current scientific knowledge regarding the interaction mechanisms and clinical consequences of concomitant anemia, cognitive impairment, and psychosomatic disturbances. We conducted a critical analysis of available literature focusing on the characteristics of these states’ association in real-world clinical practice. This work will be valuable for clinicians across specialties, researchers, and healthcare administrators interested in enhancing prevention, diagnosis, and management of complex geriatric and chronic disease-related issues.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анемия, когнитивные нарушения и тревожно-депрессивные расстройства представляют собой серьезную медико-социальную и экономическую проблему, частота встречаемости которой увеличивается с возрастом пациента. Данные состояния существенно снижают качество жизни больных, повышают риск развития сопутствующих заболеваний и увеличивают вероятность преждевременной смертности. Несмотря на высокий уровень распространения и значительное влияние на здоровье населения, причины возникновения и клиническое значение сочетания всех указанных состояний требуют дальнейшего изучения. Возможными механизмами взаимозависимости анемии, когнитивной дисфункции и тревоги с депрессией могут выступать общие этиопатогенетические факторы, включающие низкий социальный и экономический статус, недостаточный образовательный уровень и гиподинамию. Дополнительно отмечается сходство молекулярных механизмов патологического процесса, проявляющееся возрастзависимой патологией (например, воспалением, оксидативным стрессом, нейродегенерацией тканей мозга и органов-мишеней), недостаточностью микронутриентов (дефицитом железа, витаминов группы B, фолатов) и эндокринологическими нарушениями (гипотиреозом, андрогенным дефицитом). Кроме того, указанные патологии характеризуются низкой частотой диагностики и, соответственно, отсутствием адекватного лечения, что усугубляет течение каждого заболевания и ухудшает прогноз для пациентов. Комплексное изучение природы связи между анемией, когнитивным снижением и тревожными депрессивными симптомами имеет важное значение для разработки эффективных диагностических подходов и оптимальных схем терапии, направленных на улучшение качества жизни и снижение уровня инвалидизации среди пожилых лиц и пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями. Целью исследования является систематизация современных научных представлений о механизмах взаимодействия и клинических последствиях совместного течения анемии, когнитивного дефицита и психоэмоциональных нарушений. Проведен критический анализ доступной научной литературы, посвященной изучению особенностей взаимосвязи указанных состояний в реальной клинической практике. Обзорная статья представляет интерес для врачей разных специальностей, исследователей и организаторов здравоохранения, заинтересованных в повышении эффективности профилактики, диагностики и лечения комплексных медицинских проблем пожилого возраста и хронических болезней.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anemia</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>anxiety disorders</kwd><kwd>depressive disorder</kwd><kwd>vitamin B12 deficiency</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анемия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>тревожные расстройства</kwd><kwd>депрессивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>витамин В12</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mou J, Zhou H, Feng Z. The Association between anemia and depressive symptoms in non-white male adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018). J Res Health Sci. 2023;23(4):e00598. 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