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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690258</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2026.4.203571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological features of osteomyelitis in patients with diabetic foot syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические особенности остеомиелита у пациентов с синдромом диабетической стопы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9442-5207</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2745-5102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutsenko</surname><given-names>Yuriy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луценко</surname><given-names>Юрий Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц. каф. хирургии фак-та непрерывного медицинского и фармацевтического образования</p></bio><email>karabak.igor@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4534-7517</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3827-7302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabak</surname><given-names>Igor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабак</surname><given-names>Игорь Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Surgeon</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-хирург хирургического отд-ния</p></bio><email>karabak.igor@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0168-9925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sycheva</surname><given-names>Darya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычева</surname><given-names>Дарья Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assist.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. патологической анатомии</p></bio><email>karabak.igor@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M. Gorky Donetsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Донецкий государственный медицинский университет им. М. Горького» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central City Clinical Hospital No. 9 of Donetsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ ДНР «Центральная городская клиническая больница №9 г. Донецка»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Endocrinology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Эндокринология</issue-title><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>269</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/690258">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/690258</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) complicated by osteomyelitis is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus. This disease has significant socio-medical importance because it often leads to limb amputation. Studying the morphological features of osteomyelitis in DFS makes it possible to clarify the pathogenesis, determine the nature of inflammatory changes, and assess the rate of reparative processes, which is important for justifying treatment strategies.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To study the morphological features of osteomyelitis in patients with DFS.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Histological analysis was performed on wound tissue samples from 75 patients with DFS complicated by osteomyelitis, who were treated at the City Diabetic Foot Center based on the surgical department of the Central City Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Donetsk, from January 2024 to July 2025. The patient cohort included 33 women (44%) and 42 men (56%), with an average age of 45.6±8.2 years (range: 40–84). Tissue samples were obtained using incisional biopsy of the affected bone. After fixation, decalcification, and processing, the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In 66 cases, massive sequestra were identified, represented by acellular fragments of bone trabeculae surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. In 53 cases, a pronounced sequestral capsule with purulent inflammation was detected, and in some patients, areas of necrotic debris were observed. In 42 cases, granulation tissue was noted at the boundary between the sequestra and the capsule, accompanied by lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration. Osteoblast proliferation foci were present in 58 cases, while osteoclast predominance was observed in 17 cases. In 40 cases, areas of fibrous degeneration of bone tissue were found, limiting reparative processes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Chronic osteomyelitis in DFS demonstrates specific morphological features: persistent large bone sequestra, formation of a connective tissue capsule, development of granulation and scar tissue, pronounced necrotic changes, and a tendency toward sclerosis. These features explain infection persistence, predisposition to recurrence, and impaired reparative processes in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study of morphological features of osteomyelitis is essential for optimizing diagnostics and selecting effective treatment strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Синдром диабетической стопы (СДС), осложненный остеомиелитом, является одним из наиболее тяжелых осложнений сахарного диабета. Данное заболевание имеет выраженное социально-медицинское значение, поскольку часто приводит к ампутации конечностей. Изучение морфологических особенностей остеомиелита при СДС позволяет уточнить патогенез, определить характер воспалительных изменений и темп репаративных процессов, что важно для обоснования лечебной тактики.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить морфологические особенности остеомиелита у пациентов с СДС.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен анализ гистологического материала тканей ран 75 больных с СДС, осложненным остеомиелитом, находившихся на лечении в Городском центре диабетической стопы на базе хирургического отделения ГБУ ДНР «ЦГКБ №9 г. Донецка» в период с января 2024 по июль 2025 г. Среди пациентов было 33 (44%) женщины и 42 (56%) мужчины, средний возраст составил 45,6±8,2 (40–84) года. Материал для исследования получали методом инцизионной биопсии пораженной кости. После фиксации, декальцинации и проводки образцы окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином и изучали с использованием световой микроскопии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В 66 случаях выявлены массивные секвестры, представленные бесклеточными фрагментами костных балок, окруженные соединительнотканной капсулой. В 53 наблюдениях определялась выраженная секвестральная капсула с гнойным воспалением, у части пациентов отмечались очаги некротического детрита. В 42 случаях наблюдалось формирование грануляционной ткани на границе секвестров и капсулы, сопровождающееся лимфоцитарно-макрофагальной инфильтрацией. В 58 наблюдениях присутствовали очаги пролиферации остеобластов, в 17 случаях преобладали остеокласты. В 40 случаях выявлялись участки фиброзного перерождения костной ткани, ограничивающие репарацию.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Хронический остеомиелит при СДС имеет специфические морфологические проявления: длительно сохраняющиеся крупные костные секвестры, формирование соединительнотканной капсулы, наличие грануляционной и рубцовой тканей, выраженные некротические изменения и тенденция к склерозу. Эти особенности объясняют устойчивость инфекции, склонность к рецидивам и затрудняют процессы репарации у больных сахарным диабетом. Изучение морфологических признаков остеомиелита необходимо для оптимизации диагностики и выбора рациональной тактики лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic foot</kwd><kwd>osteomyelitis</kwd><kwd>bone sequestrum</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>granulation tissue</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая стопа</kwd><kwd>остеомиелит</kwd><kwd>костный секвестр</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>грануляционная ткань</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2021. PMID:35914061. Available at: https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions/ Accessed: 05.08.2025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Liu J, Ren ZH, Qiang H, et al. 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