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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698465</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2025.12.203509</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Metabolically associated fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis – depressing comorbidity in XXI century: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени и желчнокаменная болезнь – удручающая коморбидность в XXI веке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-8481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedov</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмедов</surname><given-names>Вадим Адильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. медицинской реабилитации дополнительного профессионального образования, врач-гастроэнтеролог</p></bio><email>v_akhmedov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Diagnostic Center, Omsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУЗОО «Клинический диагностический центр»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Comorbidity in internal medicine</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Коморбидность в клинике внутренних болезней</issue-title><fpage>732</fpage><lpage>738</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Akhmedov V.A. Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Ахмедов В.А. ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhmedov V.A. Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахмедов В.А. ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/698465">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/698465</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases found in 25–30% of the adult population. Similarly, cholelithiasis is one of the most common pathologies of the biliary tract worldwide, which is diagnosed in 10–20% of the adult population. Cholesterol concretions are common components of the gastrointestinal tract, the pathogenesis of which is significantly influenced by metabolic factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and rapid weight loss. The review highlights the mechanisms of concretion formation in patients with MAFLD in terms of the effect of various components of the metabolic syndrome on impaired gallbladder motility and bile lithogenicity. Aspects of the progression of biliary pathology from Oddi sphincter dysfunction to the formation of chronic stone-free cholecystitis, sludge syndrome, and further to gallstone disease and postcholecystectomy syndrome, called biliary continuum, are noted. The mechanisms of concretion formation associated with the liver, intestinal microbiota, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance are described. The nonspecific and systemic nature of the holinoblocking effect of neurotropic antispasmodics is noted, as a result of which their limited use in gastroenterology is noted. The opinion of experts is given on a more preferable strategy for prescribing antispasmodics with minimal systemic effects, in particular, the selective myotropic antispasmodic mebeverine hydrochloride (200 mg 2 times a day orally). The results demonstrating the effectiveness of Duspatalin in relieving pain associated with gallbladder and Oddi sphincter dysfunction, including after cholecystectomy, in patients with physico-chemical and clinically pronounced stages of cholelithiasis, as well as with biliary sludge, are presented. Special attention is paid to the treatment of the comorbid course of MAFLD and cholelithiasis. It is shown that in patients with MAFLD and biliary comorbidity (with sludge syndrome, formed concretions in the gallbladder), the approach of complex therapy with ademetionine (the original drug Heptral®) and mebeverine (the original drug Duspatalin®) seems extremely rational. Due to the complementary clinical effects, the use of this strategy improves liver function from the inside, the outflow of bile acids into the biliary tract, the outflow of bile, and the relief of cramps and pain.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени (МАЖБП) – одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний печени, встречающееся у 25–30% взрослого населения. Аналогичным образом желчнокаменная болезнь (ЖКБ) является одной из наиболее частых патологий желчевыводящих путей во всем мире, которую диагностируют у 10–20% взрослого населения. Холестериновые конкременты – частые компоненты ЖКБ, на патогенез которых в значительной степени влияют метаболические факторы, такие как дислипидемия, ожирение, инсулинорезистентность и быстрая потеря массы тела. В представленном литературном обзоре освещаются вопросы механизмов формирования конкрементов у пациентов с МАЖБП в аспекте влияния различных компонентов метаболического синдрома на нарушение моторики желчного пузыря и литогенность желчи. Отмечаются аспекты прогрессирования билиарной патологии от дисфункции сфинктера Одди до формирования хронического бескаменного холецистита, сладж-синдрома и далее до ЖКБ и постхолецистэктомического синдрома, что получило название «билиарный континуум». Перечисляются механизмы формирования конкрементов, связанные с печенью, кишечной микробиотой, гиперинсулинемией и инсулинорезистентностью. Показываются неспецифичность и системность холиноблокирующего эффекта нейротропных спазмолитиков, вследствие чего констатируется их ограниченное применение в гастроэнтерологии. Приводится мнение экспертов о более предпочтительной стратегии назначения спазмолитиков с минимально выраженными системными эффектами, в частности селективного миотропного спазмолитика мебеверина гидрохлорида (200 мг 2 раза в день внутрь). Результаты исследования демонстрируют эффективность Дюспаталина в купировании боли, связанной с дисфункцией желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди, в том числе после холецистэктомии, у больных с физико-химической и клинически выраженной стадиями ЖКБ, а также при билиарном сладже. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам лечения коморбидного течения МАЖБП и ЖКБ. Показывается, что у пациентов с МАЖБП и билиарной коморбидностью (со сладж-синдромом, сформированными конкрементами в желчном пузыре) представляется крайне рациональным подход комплексной терапии адеметионином (оригинальным препаратом Гептрал®) и мебеверином (оригинальным препаратом Дюспаталин®). Применение данной стратегии вследствие взаимодополняющих клинических эффектов способствует улучшению функции печени изнутри, оттоку желчных кислот в желчевыводящие пути, желчи, снятию спазма и боли.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolically associated fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>biliary tract</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>ademetionine</kwd><kwd>mebeverine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>билиарный континуум</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>адеметионин</kwd><kwd>мебеверин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Эбботт Лэбораториз»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Abbott Laboratories</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Khan RTY, Akbar N, Ismail H, et al. 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