<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">713497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2026.8.203757</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Very long-term outcomes of mechanical recanalization and stenting for chronic total occlusion of the coronary artery in patients with stable ischemic heart disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сверхотдаленные результаты механической реканализации и стентирования хронической окклюзии коронарной артерии у пациентов с ХИБС</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3536-1414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skovran</surname><given-names>Pavel Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сковран</surname><given-names>Павел Янович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии </p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2269-7059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babunashvili</surname><given-names>Avtandil M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабунашвили</surname><given-names>Автандил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет), зав. отд-нием сердечно-сосудистой хирургии АО «ЦЭЛТ»</p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-707X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlev</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии Института профессионального образования </p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-5145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semitko</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семитко</surname><given-names>Сергей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии Института профессионального образования, дир. Научно-практического центра интервенционной кардиоангиологии </p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-5244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsereteli</surname><given-names>Nino V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Церетели</surname><given-names>Нино Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии Института профессионального образования, зав. кардиологическим отд-нием Научно-практического центра интервенционной кардиоангиологии </p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-7428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ioseliani</surname><given-names>David G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иоселиани</surname><given-names>Давид Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. интервенционной кардиоангиологии, почетный дир. Научно-практического центра интервенционной кардиоангиологии</p></bio><email>pskovran@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Endosurgery and Lithotripsy JSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Центр эндохирургии и литотрипсии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Outpatient issues</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Поликлинические вопросы</issue-title><fpage>559</fpage><lpage>565</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/713497">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/713497</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is frequently detected in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the very long-term outcomes of endovascular treatment for this condition remain insufficiently studied and controversial.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the very long-term clinical and structural-functional outcomes of successful mechanical recanalization and stenting of CTO in patients with CAD.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This multicenter retrospective study included 50 patients with CAD who underwent successful mechanical recanalization of CTO between 2005 and 2018. CTO was defined as complete absence of antegrade blood flow in a native coronary artery (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade 0) for ≥3 months. Preprocedural assessment included noninvasive diagnostic methods for CAD, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Invasive assessment was performed using bilateral coronary angiography. Lesion morphology was evaluated using the SYNTAX score, J-CTO score, and the Werner and Rentrop classifications. During the very long-term follow-up, the primary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) – all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke. Secondary endpoints included the individual components of MACE – all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke, target lesion thrombosis, target vessel restenosis, repeat hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases, clinical status according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina classification and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, as well as structural and functional myocardial parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The median follow-up duration was 71.3 months (Q1–Q3 38.7–119.7 months, minimum – 12 months, maximum – 240 months). The overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was 24%: all-cause mortality – 10%, acute myocardial infarction – 8%, stroke – 6%. Repeat hospitalizations occurred in 58% of patients. Target lesion thrombosis developed in 4% of cases, while target vessel restenosis was detected in 40% of patients. No significant improvement in LVEF was observed in the overall study population (<italic>p</italic>=0.431). In the subgroup of patients with restenosis, a small but statistically significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction was observed (<italic>p</italic>=0.038), whereas no significant changes were found in patients without restenosis (<italic>p</italic>=0.717).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>During very long-term follow-up, mechanical recanalization and stenting of CTO in patients with CAD were not associated with marked improvement in clinical status and did not exert a significant favorable effect on myocardial structural and functional parameters.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Хроническая окклюзия коронарной артерии (ХОКА) часто выявляется у пациентов с хронической ишемической болезнью сердца (ХИБС), однако сверхотдаленные результаты эндоваскулярного лечения данной патологии остаются малоизученными и противоречивыми.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить сверхотдаленные клинические и структурно-функциональные результаты успешной механической реканализации и стентирования ХОКА у пациентов с ХИБС.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Данное многоцентровое ретроспективное исследование включает 50 пациентов с ХИБС, которым в 2005–2018 гг. выполнена успешная механическая реканализация ХОКА. Хроническую окклюзию определяли как полное отсутствие антеградного кровотока (по шкале TIMI [Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction] – TIMI 0) в нативном сосуде длительностью ≥3 мес. Предпроцедурная оценка включала неинвазивные методы диагностики ХИБС, эхокардиографию, электрокардиографию и суточное мониторирование электрокардиограммы. Инвазивную диагностику осуществляли методом двусторонней коронарографии. Морфологическую оценку поражения выполняли с использованием шкал SYNTAX, J-CTO и классификаций Werner и Rentrop. В сверхотдаленном периоде анализировали как первичные конечные точки: основные неблагоприятные сердечно-сосудистые события (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events – MACE) – общую смертность, острый инфаркт миокарда (ОИМ), острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК), так и вторичные конечные точки: отдельные составляющие MACE – общую смертность, ОИМ, ОНМК, тромбоз целевого поражения, рестеноз целевой артерии, повторные госпитализации в связи с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы, а также клинический статус по шкале стенокардии (Сanadian Cardiovascular society – CCS), шкале Нью-Йоркской кардиологической ассоциации (New York Heart Association – NYHA), структурно-функциональные показатели миокарда (фракцию выброса – ФВ, конечно-диастолический объем, конечно-систолический объем).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Медианный период наблюдения составил 71,3 мес (Q1–Q3 38,7–119,7 мес, мин. – 12 мес, макс. – 240 мес), частота неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий – 24%: общая смертность – 10%, ОИМ – 8%, ОНМК – 6%. Частота возникновения повторных госпитализаций – 58%. Тромбоз целевого поражения возник в 4% случаев. Рестеноз целевого сосуда выявлен у 40% пациентов. Значимого прироста ФВ левого желудочка в общей выборке не отмечено (<italic>p</italic>=0,431). В подгруппе пациентов с рестенозом зафиксировано небольшое, но статистически значимое снижение ФВ левого желудочка (<italic>p</italic>=0,038), тогда как у больных без рестеноза значимой динамики не наблюдали (<italic>p</italic>=0,717).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В сверхотдаленном периоде наблюдения механическая реканализация и стентирование ХОКА у пациентов с ХИБС не сопровождались выраженным улучшением клинического статуса и не оказали существенного положительного влияния на структурно-функциональное состояние миокарда.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary occlusion</kwd><kwd>percutaneous coronary intervention</kwd><kwd>myocardial ischemia</kwd><kwd>treatment outcome</kwd><kwd>follow-up studies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>окклюзия коронарных артерий</kwd><kwd>чрескожное коронарное вмешательство</kwd><kwd>ишемия миокарда</kwd><kwd>результат лечения</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Azzalini L, Karmpaliotis D, Santiago R, et al. Contemporary Issues in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;15(1):1-21. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2021.09.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Brilakis ES, Mashayekhi K, Tsuchikane E, et al. Guiding Principles for Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Circulation. 2019;140(5):420-33. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039797</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(3):407-77. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(3):e18-114. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Nombela-Franco L, Mitroi CD, Fernández-Lozano I, et al. Ventricular arrhythmias among implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients for primary prevention: impact of chronic total coronary occlusion (VACTO Primary Study). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(1):147-54. DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.111.968008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ybarra LF, Rinfret S, Brilakis ES, et al. Definitions and Clinical Trial Design Principles for Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion Therapies: CTO-ARC Consensus Recommendations. Circulation. 2021;143(5):479-500. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046754</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Campeau L. Grading of angina pectoris. Circulation. 1976;54(3):522-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Fisher JD. New York Heart Association Classification. Arch Intern Med. 1972;129(5):836. DOI:10.1001/archinte.1972.00320050160023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, et al. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention. 2005;1(2):219-27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Werner GS, Ferrari M, Heinke S, et al. Angiographic assessment of collateral connections in comparison with invasively determined collateral function in chronic coronary occlusions. Circulation. 2003;107(15):1972-7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000061953.72662.3A</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Rentrop KP, Cohen M, Blanke H, Phillips RA. Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(3):587-92. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80380-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Morino Y, Abe M, Morimoto T, et al. Predicting successful guidewire crossing through chronic total occlusion of native coronary lesions within 30 minutes: the J-CTO (Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan) score as a difficulty grading and time assessment tool. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4(2):213-21. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2010.09.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Park TK, Lee SH, Choi KH, et al. Late Survival Benefit of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared With Medical Therapy in Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(6):e019022. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.120.019022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Almarzooq ZI, Tamez H, Wang Y, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among Medicare Beneficiaries. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2023;2(2):100584. DOI:10.1016/j.jscai.2023.100584</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gilpin TR, Maznyczka A, Anantharam B, Dana A. Procedural Results and Long-term Outcome of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in a UK Non-surgical Centre. Interv Cardiol. 2024;19:e05. DOI:10.15420/icr.2023.23</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Everaars H, Schumacher SP, Stuijfzand WJ, et al. Functional recovery after percutaneous revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusions: insights from cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;37(10):3057-68. DOI:10.1007/s10554-021-02355-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Juricic SA, Stojkovic SM, Galassi AR, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic total coronary artery occlusion previously randomized to treatment with optimal drug therapy or percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusion (COMET-CTO). Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;9:1014664. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1014664</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Dzavik V, Carere RG, Mancini GB, et al. Predictors of improvement in left ventricular function after percutaneous revascularization of occluded coronary arteries: a report from the Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA). Am Heart J. 2001;142(2):301-8. DOI:10.1067/mhj.2001.116960</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
