Consilium MedicumConsilium Medicum2075-17532542-2170Consilium Medicum92283Research ArticleBronkhial'naya astma v pozhilom i starcheskom vozrasteEmel'yanovA. V-15122006812414428122021Copyright © 2006, Consilium Medicum2006бронхиальная астмапожилой возраст[Батагов С.Я., Трофимов В.И., Немцов В.И. и др. Особенности своеобразия проявлений бронхиальной астмы в гериатрическом возрасте. Пульмонология. 2003; 2: 38- 42.][Емельянов А.В., Федосеев Г.Б., Сергеева Г.Р. и др. Распространенность бронхиальной астмы и аллергического ринита среди взрослого населения Санкт-Петербурга. Тер. арх. 2003; 75 (1): 23-6.][Allen S.C, Khattab A. The tendency to alter perception of airflow resistance in aged subjects might be due to mainly to a reduction in diaphragmatic proprioception. Med Hypothesis 2006; 67 (6): 1406- 10.][Barnard A, Pond C.D, Usherwood T.P. Asthma and older people in general practice. MJA 2005; 183: 41-3.][Barr R.G, Somers S.C, Speizer F.E et al. Patient factors and medication guideline adherence among older women with asthma. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (15): 1761- 8.][Barua P, O'Mahony M.S. Overcoming gaps in the management of asthma in older patients: new insights. Drugs Aging 2005; 22 (12): 1029-59.][Braman S. The global burden of asthma. Chest 2006; 130 (1), suppl.: 4s-12s.][Burrow B, Lebowitz M.D, Barbee R.A et al. Findings before diagnoses among the elderly in a longitudinal study of a general population sample. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 870- 7.][Burrows B, Barbee R.A, Cline M.G et al. Characteristics of asthma among elderly adults in a sample of general population. Chest 1991; 106: 935-42.][Dow L. Asthma in older people. Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28 (suppl. 5): 195-202.][Enright P.L, Mc Cleland R.L, Newman A.B et al. Underdiagnosis and treatment of asthma in the elderly. Cardiovasc Health Study Research Group. Chest 1999; 116: 606-13.][Enright P.L. The diagnosis and management of asthma is much tougher in older patients. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2: 175-81.][Enright P.L. The diagnosis of asthma in older patients. Exp Lung Res 2005; 31 (suppl. 1): 15-21.][Ericsson K, Bantje T.A, Huber R.M et al. Cost - effectiveness analysis of budesonide/formoterol compared with fluticasone in moderate - persistent asthma. Respir Med 2006; 100 (4): 586-94.][Global Initiative for asthma. NHLB/WHO Workshop Report.-National Heart Lung Blood Institute, updated 2006//www.ginasthma.org][Grayson M.H, Korenblat P.E. Treating asthma in the older patient: is there place for leukotriene modifiers? Drug Aging 2006; 23 (6): 451-9.][Green R.H, Brightling C.E, Mc Kenna S et al. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360 (9347): 1715-21.][Huss K, Naumann P.L, Mason P.J et al. Asthma severity, atopic status, allergen exposure, and quality of life in elderly persons. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 86: 524-30.][Johansson G, Andresson E.B, Larsson P.E, Vogelmeier C.F. Cost effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol for maintenance and reliever therapy versus salmeterol/fluticasone plus salbutamol in the treatment of asthma. Pharmacoeconomics 2006; 24 (7): 695-708.][Kizkin O, Turker G, Hacievliyagil S.S, Gunen H. Asthma, age, and early reversibility testing. J Asthma 2003; 40 (3): 317-21.][Marks G.B, Poulos L. A national perspective on asthma in older Australians. MJA 2005; 183: 14- 6.][O'Burney P.M, Bisgaard H, Godard P.P et al. Budesonide/Formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171 (2): 129-36.][Parameswaran K, Hildreth A.J, Chadha D et al. Asthma in the elderly: underperceived, underdiagnosed and undertreated; a community survey. Respir Med 1998; 92 (3): 573-7.][Pollart S.M, Chapman M.D, Fioco G.P. Epidemiology of acute asthma: Ig E antibodies to common inhalant allergens as a risk factor for emergency room visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83: 75-82.][Rabe K.F, Atienza T, Magyard P et al. Effect of budesonide in combination with formoterol for reliever therapy in asthma exacerbations: a randomized controleed, double blind study. Lancet 2006; 368: 744-56.][Schmier J.K, Halpern M.T, Jones M.L. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on mortality and hospitalization in elderly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: appraising the evidence. Drug Aging 2005; 22 (9): 717-29.][Sestini P, Cappiell V, Aliani M et al. Prescription bias and factors associated with improper use of inhalers. J Aerosol Med 2006; 19 (2): 127-36.][Sin D.D, Tu J.V. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy reduces the risk of rehospitalization and all - cause mortality in elderly asthmatics. Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 380-5.][Sin D.D, Tu J.V. Underuse of inhaled steroid therapy in elderly patients with asthma. Chest 2001; 119 (3): 720-5.][Sin D.D Man J, Sharpe H et al. Pharmacological management to reduce exacerbations in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta - analysis. JAMA 2004; 292 (3): 367-76.][Sin B.A, Akkoca O, Saryal S et al. Differences between asthma and COPD in elderly. J Investig Allergology Clin Immunol 2006; 16 (1): 44-50.][Slavin R.G. The elderly asthmatic patient. Allergy Asthma Proc 2004; 25 (6): 371-3.][Slavin R.G, Haselkorn T, Lee J.H et al. Asthma in older adults: observations from the epidemiology and natural history of asthma: outcomes and treatment regimes (TENOR) study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96 (3): 406-14.][Smith A.D, Cowan J.O, Brasett K.P et al. Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (21): 2163-73.][Soriano J.B, Visick G.T, Muellerova H et al. Pattern of comorbidities in newly diagnosed COPD and asthma in primary care. Chest 2005; 128: 2099-107.][Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S et al. Low - dose of inhaled corticosteroids and prevention of death from asthma. N Engl J Med 2000; 343 (5): 332-6.][Suissa S, Ernst P. Inhaled corticosteroids: impact on asthma morbidity and mortality. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107 (6): 937-44.][van der Hooft C.S, Heeringa J, Brusselie G.G et al. Corticosteroids and the risk of atrial fibrillation. Arch Inter Med 2006; 166 (9): 1016-20.][Weiner P, Magadle R, Waizman J et al. Characteristics of asthma in elderly. Eur Respir J 1998; 12: 564-8.][Whiters N.J, Vilar T, Dow L. Asthma in elderly: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Difficult asthma. Ed. S.Holgate, H.A.Boushley, L.Fabri Martin Dunitz Ltd 1999; p. 147-62.][Wilson D, Appleton S.L, Adams R.J, Ruffin R.E. Underdiagnosed asthma in older people: an underestimated problem. MJA 2005; 183: 20-2.]