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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ratsional'naya antibakterial'naya terapiya infektsiy verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putey: znachenie sistemnykh i mestnykh antibiotikov</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональная антибактериальная терапия инфекций верхних дыхательных путей: значение системных и местных антибиотиков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>S. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>С. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московская медицинская академия им. И.М.Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2007-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO3 (2007)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №3 (2007)</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2007, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2007, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/92293">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/92293</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острые инфекции верхних дыхательных путей являются самыми частыми заболеваниями в амбулаторной практике, с которыми встречаются не только отоларингологи, но терапевты и педиатры. В большинстве случаев при этих инфекциях врачи назначают системные антибиотики. В медицинской практике на долю острых респираторных инфекций приходится около 75% назначений системных антибиотиков. При этом не все острые инфекции верхних дыхательных путей имеют бактериальную этиологию. Часть инфекций вызываются вирусами, на которые системные антибиотики не действуют. По данным различных фармакоэпидемиологических исследований, в 20-50% случаев острых респираторных инфекций назначение системных антибиотиков признано неоправданным. Переоценка практическими врачами эффекта системных антибиотиков при острых инфекциях верхних дыхательных путей объясняется высокой частотой спонтанного выздоровления пациентов при этих инфекциях и ошибочным мнением, что системные антибиотики предотвращают развитие бактериальной суперинфекции при вирусных заболеваниях. Степень неадекватности назначения системных антибиотиков при острых респираторных инфекциях различна. Назначение системных антибиотиков при простуде или острых респираторных вирусных инфекциях (ОРВИ), остром ларингите, трахеите, бронхите и рините почти всегда не оправдано, так как в большинстве случаев это - вирусные инфекции. В то же время назначение системных антибиотиков при остром синусите и фарингите в ряде случаев оправдано, однако должно быть веско обосновано.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mc Caig L.F, Hughes J.M. Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office - based physicians in the United States. JAMA 1995; 273: 214-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ball P, Baquero F, Cars O et al. Antibiotic therapy of community respiratory tract infections: strategies for optimal outcomes and minimized resistance emergence. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49 (1): 31-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schlemmer B. 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