<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">94429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Macronodular bilateral adrenal hyperplasia: the pathogenesis and genetic aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Макронодулярная двусторонняя гиперплазия надпочечников: патогенез и генетические аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>M. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач первой категории, ст. науч. сотр. отд-ния терапии с группой ожирения ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><email>endo-yukina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuralieva</surname><given-names>N. F</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуралиева</surname><given-names>Нурана Фейзуллаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клин. ординатор ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beltsevich</surname><given-names>D. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельцевич</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, глав. науч. сотр. отд-ния хирургии ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>E. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отд-нием терапии с группой ожирения ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>N. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Надежда Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, врач высшей категории, глав. науч. сотр. отд-ния терапии с группой ожирения ФГБУ ЭНЦ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Эндокринологический научный центр Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/94429">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/94429</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Macronodular bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (MBAH) in major cases is genetically-determined disease, which is manifested by symptoms of hypercortisolism. The MBAH is a diagnostic challenge due to the lack of usual clinical features, the questionable laboratory data, the great amount of tests, the different cutoff points and the lack of specificity of radiological characteristics.According to the latest data, a central role in hormonal hypersecretion and cellular proliferation in MBAH play aberrant membrane receptors of adrenal cortex, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production, defects in adenylate cyclase and Wnt signaling systems, disorders of steroidogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms, responsible for the development of MBAH, are unknown. The identification of pathogenetic mechanisms of development MBAH will allow to develop new methods of timely diagnostics and comprehensive treatment of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Макронодулярная двусторонняя гиперплазия надпочечников (МДГН) - это, в большинстве случаев, генетически детерминированное заболевание, которое проявляется симптомами гиперкортицизма. Диагностика МДГН зачастую представляет сложности в связи с отсутствием типичных клинических проявлений, спорными лабораторными данными, большим количеством и различными диагностическими критериями (cut-off points) тестов, низкой специфичностью при лучевой диагностике.Согласно последним данным, центральную роль в гормональной гиперсекреции и клеточной пролиферации при МДГН играют аберрантно экспрессируемые мембранные рецепторы в коре надпочечников, эктопическая продукция адренокортикотропного гормона, дефекты в аденилатциклазной и Wnt-сигнальных системах, нарушения стероидогенеза. Однако точные молекулярные механизмы, ответственные за развитие МДГН, неизвестны. Идентификация патогенетических механизмов развития МДГН позволит разработать новые методы своевременной диагностики и комплексного лечения заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macronodular bilateral adrenal hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>aberrant membrane receptors</kwd><kwd>hypercortisolism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макронодулярная двусторонняя гиперплазия надпочечников</kwd><kwd>аберрантные мембранные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>гиперкортицизм</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lacroix A, Feelders R.A, Stratakis C.A, Nieman L.K. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet (England, London) 2015; 386 (9996): 913-27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lacroix A, Costa M.H.S. Cushing’s Syndrome Secondary to ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2007; 51 (8): 1226-37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Cavagnini F, Giraldi F.P. Adrenal Causes of Cushing’s Syndrome. In: Jameson J.L, De Groot L.G, editors. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. 7th Edition. 2015; р. 1775-809.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Hayakawa E, Yoshimoto T, Hiraishi K. et al. A rare case of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia associated with aldosterone - producing adenoma. Intern Med 2011; 50 (3): 227-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Elbelt U, Trovato A, Kloth M. Molecular and clinical evidence for an ARMC5 tumor syndrome: concurrent inactivating germline and somatic mutations are associated with both primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and meningioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100 (1): E119-28.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Christopoulos S, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A. Clinical and subclinical ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and aberrant hormone receptors. Horm Res 2005; 64 (3): 119-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Fragoso M.C.B.V, Alencar G.A, Lerario A.M. Genetics of primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. J Endocrinol 2015; 224 (1): R31-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ohashi А, Yamada Y, Sakaguchi K et al. A Natural History of Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Bilateral Adrenal Macronodular Hyperplasia (AIMAH) from Preclinical to Clinically Overt Cushing's Syndrome. Endocrine J 2001; 48: 677-83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lacroix A. ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 23 (2): 245-59.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Anagnostis P, Karras S.N, Athyros V.G et al. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2 (5): 361.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Albiger N.M, Occhi G, Mariniello В et al. Food - dependent Cushing’s syndrome: from molecular characterization to therapeutical results. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157 (6): 771-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Lacroix A, Ndiaye N, Tremblay J, Hamet P. Ectopic and abnormal hormone receptors in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome. Endocr Rev 2001; 22: 75-110.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Lefebvre H, Duparc С, Provost G. Cell - to - cell communication in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia causing hypercortisolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6: 34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bernichtein S, Alevizaki M, Huhtaniemi I. Is the adrenal cortex a target for gonadotropins? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008; 19 (7): 231-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Louiset E, Lefebvre H. Intraadrenal corticotropin in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 2014; 370 (11): 1071-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Newfield R.S. ACTH receptor blockade: a novel approach to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or Cushing’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74 (4): 705-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Lefebvre H, Duparc С, Chartrel N. Intraadrenal adrenocorticotropin production in a case of bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia causing Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88 (7): 3035-42.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lerario A.M, Moraitis A, Hammer G.D. Genetics and epigenetics of adrenocortical tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 386 (1-2): 67-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Stratakis C.А, Horvath А. How the new tools to analyze the human genome are opening new perspectives: the use of gene expression in investigations of the adrenal cortex. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2008; 69 (2): 123-9.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
