<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">94615</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Radiological detection of the inserted drug containers into the body’s cavities of the “drug mules”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности лучевой диагностики в выявлении наркотических средств, перевозимых контейнерным способом в полостях тела человека (наркокурьера)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>B. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>Б. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, глав. ред. журнала «Consilium Medicum», ООО «Объединенная редакция»</p></bio><email>filimonov@hpmp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrova</surname><given-names>S. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуброва</surname><given-names>С. Э</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. лучевой диагностики фак-та усовершенствования врачей ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф.Владимирского</p></bio><email>dubrovamoniki@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelkov</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрелков</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>полковник юстиции в запасе, Почетный работник Следственного комитета при прокуратуре Российской Федерации</p></bio><email>65strelkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Publishing house “Ob’edinyonnaya redaktsia”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Объединенная редакция»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F.Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф.Владимирского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>13</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO13 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №13 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/94615">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/94615</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the possibility of using radiological methods - X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sonography in the search and detection of narcotics (NA), carried by the container method in human body cavities (drug trafficker). The review provides research (as of September 2016), showing the benefits of a standard X-ray CT to the abdomen when searching with HC containers in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, CT, including low-dose may be considered the correct method of choice for NA containers search in human body cavities. CT should be used for primary diagnosis as well as for re-examination after extraction with HC containers. MRI and ultrasound, despite a number of obvious advantages, including the absence of radiation exposure, are of limited use.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье обсуждаются возможности лучевых методов исследования - рентгенографии, компьютерной томографии (КТ), магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) и сонографии в поиске и обнаружении наркотических средств (НС), перевозимых контейнерным способом в полостях тела человека (наркокурьера). В обзоре приводятся исследования (по состоянию на сентябрь 2016 г.), показывающие преимущества КТ перед стандартной рентгенографией брюшной полости при поиске контейнеров с НС в желудочно-кишечном тракте. В настоящее время КТ, в том числе низкодозная, может считаться методом выбора для поиска контейнеров с НС в полостях тела человека. КТ следует использовать как для первичной диагностики, так и для повторного исследования после извлечения контейнеров с НС. МРТ и сонография, несмотря на ряд очевидных преимуществ, в том числе отсутствие лучевой нагрузки, имеют ограниченное применение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abdominal X-ray</kwd><kwd>body packing</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обнаружение наркотических средств</kwd><kwd>рентгенография брюшной полости</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография живота</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Демчук С.Д., Харатишвили А.Г. Способы совершения контрабанды наркотических средств и психотропных веществ как элемент криминалистической характеристики этого вида преступлений. Вестн. криминалистики. 2005; 3: 93-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hergan K, Kofler K, Oser W. Drug smuggling by body packing: what radiologists should know about it. Eur Radiol 2004; 14: 736-42. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-003-2091-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bulstrode N, Banks F, Shrotria S. The outcome of drug smuggling by “body packers” - the British experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2002; 84: 35-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Algra P.R, Brogdon B.G, Marugg R.C. Role of radiology in a national initiative to interdict drug smuggling: the Dutch experience. Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189: 331-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Deitel M, Syed A.K. Intestinal obstruction by an unusual foreign body. Can Med Assoc J 1973; 109: 211-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>June R, Aks S.E, Keys N, Wahl M. Medical outcome of cocaine body stuffers. J Emerg Med 2000; 18: 221-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Pollack C.V, Biggers D.W, Carlton F.B Jr et al. Two crack cocaine body stuffers. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21: 1370-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Gsell M, Perrig M, Eichelberger M et al. Body - packer &amp; body - stuffer - a medical challenge. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2010; 99: 533-44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Glass J.M, Scott H.J. ‘Surgical mules’: the smuggling of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. J R SocMed 1995; 88: 450-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mc Carron M.M, Wood J.D. The cocaine “body packer” syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. JAMA 1983; 250: 1417-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Pidoto R.R, Agliata A.M, Bertolini R et al. A new method of packaging cocaine for international traffic and implications for the management of cocaine body packers. J Emerg Med 2002; 23: 149-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mandava N, Chang R.S, Wang J.H et al. Establishment of a definitive protocol for the diagnosis and management of body packers (drug mules). Emerg Med J 2011; 28: 98-101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ab Hamid S, Abd Rashid S.N, Mohd Saini S. Characteristic imaging features of body packers: a pictorial essay. Jpn J Radiol 2012; 30: 386-92. DOI: 10.1007/s11604-012-0069-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Flach P.M, Ross S.C, Thali M.J. Forensic and clinical usage of X-rays in body packing. In: Thali M.J, Viner M.D, Brogdon B.G, eds. Brogdon’s forensic radiology. 2nd edn. New York, NY: CRC Press, 2011; p. 311-34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Traub S.J, Hoffman R.S, Nelson L.S. Body packing - the internal concealment of illicit drugs. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 2519-26. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra0227.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Booker R.J, Smith J.E, Rodger M.P. Packers, pushers and stuffers - managing patients with concealed drugs in UK emergency departments: a clinical and medicolegal review. Emerg Med J 2009; 26: 316-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Лужников В.А., Белова М.В. Острые отравления наркотическими средствами. Медицинская токсикология: национальное руководство. Под ред. Е.А.Лужникова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2012; c. 571-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Madea B. Verkehrsmedizin/Fahrtьchtigkeit. In: Madea B, editor. Praxis Rechtsmedizin. 1st ed. Berlin, Heidelberg/New York: Springer Verlag, 2003; p. 447-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Goertemoeller S, Behrman A, Muller A.A. The risky business of body packers and body stuffers. J Emerg Nurs 2006; 32: 541-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Booker R.J, Smith J.E, Rodger M.P. Packers, pushers and stuffers - managing patients with concealed drugs in UK emergency departments: a clinical and medicolegal review. Emerg Med J 2009; 26: 316-20. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.057695.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Stewart A, Heaton N.D, Hogbin B. Bodypacking - a case report and review of the literature. Postgrad Med J 1990; 66: 659-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Miller J.S, Hendren S.K, Liscum K.R. Giant gastric ulcer in a body packer. J Trauma 1998; 45: 617-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Schaper A, Hofmann R, Bargain P et al. Surgical treatment in cocaine body packers and body pushers. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22: 1531-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Хоффман Р., Нельсон Л., Хауланд М.-Э. и др. Экстренная медицинская помощь при отравлениях. Пер. с англ. М.: Практика, 2010; с. 822-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Reginelli A, Russo A, Urraro F et al. Imaging of body packing: errors and medico - legalissues. Abdom Imaging 2015; 40 (7): 2127-42. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0469-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Pinto A, Muzj C, Gagliardi N et al. Role of imaging in the assessment of impacted foreign bodies in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2012; 33: 463-70. DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.06.009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Sica G, Guida F, Bocchini G et al. Imaging of drug smuggling by body packing. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36 (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Berger F.H, Nieboer K.H, Goh G.S et al. Body packing: a review of general background, clinical and imaging aspects. Radiol Med 2015; 120 (1): 118-32. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-014-0458-0. Epub 2014 Oct 10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Селина И.Е., Береснева Э.А., Квардакова О.В. Инородные тела желудочно - кишечного тракта. Лучевая диагностика и терапия в гастроэнтерологии: национальное руководство. Под ред. Г.Г.Кармазановского. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014; с. 873-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Grassi R, Di Mizio R, Pinto A et al. Serial plain abdominal film findings in the assessment of acute abdomen: spastic ileus, hypotonic ileus, mechanical ileus and paralytic ileus. Radiol Med 2004; 108: 56-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Niewiarowski S, Gogbashian A, Afaq A et al. Abdominal X-ray signs of intra - intestinal drug smuggling. J Forensic Leg Med 2010; 17: 198-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.12.013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Poletti P.A, Canel L, Becker C.D et al. Screening of illegal intracorporeal containers (“body packing”): is abdominal radiography sufficiently accurate? A comparative study with low - dose CT. Radiology 2012; 265: 772-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pinto A, Reginelli A, Pinto F et al. Radiological and practical aspects of body packing. Br J Radiol 2014; 87: 20130500.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Hunter T.B, Taljanovic M.S. Foreign bodies. Radiographics 2003; 23: 731-57. DOI: 10.1148/rg.233025137.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Lee K, Koehn M, Rastegar R.F et al. Body packers: the ins and outs of imaging. Can Assoc Radiol J 2012; 63: 318-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2011.06.007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Bulakci M, Kalelioglu T, Bulakci B.B, Kiris A. Comparison of diagnostic value of multidetector computed tomography and X-ray in the detection of body packing. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82 (8): 1248-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.12.022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Schmidt S, Hugli O, Rizzo E et al. Detection of ingested cocaine - filled packets - diagnostic value of unenhanced CT. Eur J Radiol 2008; 67: 133-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.07.017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Beerman R, Nunez D.Jr, Wetli C.V. Radiographic evaluation of the cocaine smuggler. Gastrointest Radiol 1986; 11: 351-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Meijer R, Bots M.L. Detection of drug containers by ultrasound scanning: an airport screening tool? Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 1312-15. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1689-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Chung C.H, Fung W.T. Detection of gastric drug packet by ultrasound scanning. Eur J Emerg Med 2006; 13: 302-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Bulakci M, Ozbakir B, Kiris A. Detection of body packing by magnetic resonance imaging: a new diagnostic tool? Abdom Imaging 2013; 38: 436-41. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9972-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Yang R.M, Li L, Feng J et al. Heroin body packing: clearly discerning drug packets using CT. South Med J 2009; 102: 470-5. DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31819ecacc.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Eng J.G, Aks S.E, Waldron R et al. False - negative abdominal CT scan in a cocaine body stuffer. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 17: 702-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Hahn I.H, Hoffman R.S, Nelson L.S. Contrast CT scan fails to detect the last heroin packet. J Emerg Med 2004; 27: 279-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.04.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Flach P.M, Ross S.G, Ampanozi G et al. “Drug mules” as a radiological challenge: sensitivity and specificity in identifying internal cocaine in body packers, body pushers and body stuffers by computed tomography, plain radiography and Lodox. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 2518-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Bulakci M, Kalelioglu T, Bulakci B.B, Kiris A. Comparison of diagnostic value of multidetector computed tomography and X-ray in the detection of body packing. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82 (8): 1248-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.12.022. Epub 2013 Jan 26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Rousset P, Chaillot P.F, Audureau E et al. Detection of residual packets in cocaine body packers: low accuracy of abdominal radiography - a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2013; 23 (8): 2146-55. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2798-x. Epub 2013 Mar 19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Schulz B, Grossbach A, Gruber-Rouh T et al. Body packers on your examination table: How helpful are plain x - ray images? A definitive low - dose CT protocol as a diagnosis tool for body packers. Clin Radiol 2014; 69 (12): e525-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.08.019. Epub 2014 Oct 7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Ziegeler E, Grimm J.M, Wirth S et al. Computed tomography scout views vs. conventional radiography in body - packers - delineation of body - packs and radiation dose in a porcine model. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 3883-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Sengupta A, Page P. Window manipulation in the diagnosis of body packing using computerized tomography. Emerg Radiol 2008; 15: 203-5. DOI: 10.1007/s10140-007-0652-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Wackerle B, Rupp N, von Clarmann M et al. Demonstration of narcotic packages in “body packers” by various imaging methods. In vitro and in vivo investigations. [In German.] Fortschr Roengenstr 1986; 145: 274-7. DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1048932.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Leschka S, Fornaro J, Laberke P et al. Differentiation of cocaine from heroine body packs by computed tomography: impact of different tube voltages and the dual - energy index. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 2013; 1: 46-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Maurer M.H, Niehues S.M, Schnapauff D et al. Low - dose computed tomography to detect body - packing in an animal model. Eur J Radiol 2011; 78: 302-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.09.004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Филимонов Б.А., Стрелков А.А., Дуброва С.Э. Возможности компьютерной томографии в раскрытии преступлений, связанных с незаконным оборотом наркотических средств. Наркоконтроль. 2016; 2: 15-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Стрелков А.А. Применение КТ - исследования при расследовании преступлений. Криминалистическая томография. Библиотека криминалиста. Научный журн. 2016; 3: 221-6.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
