<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">95092</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/2075-1753_2018.10.65-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fixed combination of perindopril and bisoprolol in cardiovascular disease treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Место фиксированной комбинации периндоприла и бисопролола в лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikova</surname><given-names>G. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышникова</surname><given-names>Галина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. семейной медицины с курсами клинической лабораторной диагностики, психиатрии и психотерапии</p></bio><email>bargalan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chorbinskaya</surname><given-names>S. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чорбинская</surname><given-names>Светлана Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. семейной медицины с курсами клинической лабораторной диагностики, психиатрии и психотерапии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>I. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Ирина Ираклиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. семейной медицины с курсами клинической лабораторной диагностики, психиатрии и психотерапии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blohina</surname><given-names>O. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блохина</surname><given-names>Ольга Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. семейной медицины с курсами клинической лабораторной диагностики, психиатрии и психотерапии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ДПО ЦГМА УД Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 20, NO10 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 20, №10 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95092">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95092</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents information on fixed combination of b-adrenoblocker bisoprolol and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril. Advantages of each drug included in Prestilol, its mechanism of action, organo-protective effect and prognosis influence are reviewed in detail. Also we discuss clinical cases where use of such fixed combination is more optimal and effective.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре предоставлена информация о фиксированной комбинации b-адреноблокатора бисопролола и ингибитора ангиотензинпревращающего фермента периндоприла. Подробно рассмотрены достоинства каждого из препаратов, вошедших в препарат Престилол, механизм действия, органопротективные эффекты и влияние на прогноз. Рассмотрены также клинические ситуации, в которых использование подобной фиксированной комбинации окажется наиболее оптимальным и эффективным.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>combined antihypertensive therapy</kwd><kwd>fixed combination</kwd><kwd>bisoprolol</kwd><kwd>perindopril</kwd><kwd>Prestilol</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>комбинированная антигипертензивная терапия</kwd><kwd>фиксированная комбинация</kwd><kwd>бисопролол</kwd><kwd>периндоприл</kwd><kwd>Престилол</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Lancet 2015; 386 (9995): 743-800.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Law M.R, Wald N.J, Morris .JK, Jordan R.E. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003; 326: 1427-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Wald D.S, Law M, Morris J.K et al. Combination therapy vs. monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11 000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 2009; 122: 290-300.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Gradman A.H, Basile J.N, Carter B.L, Bakris G.L. American Society of Hypertension Writing Group (2010) Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010; 4: 42-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Liou Y.S, Ma T, Tien L et al. The relationship between antihypertensive combination therapies comprising diuretics and/or beta-blockers and the risk of new-onset diabetes: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (6): 496-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31 (7): 1281-357.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Fung V, Huang J, Brand R. Hypertension treatment in a medicare population: adherence and systolic blood pressure control. Clin Ther 2007; 29: 972-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, Messerli F.H. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2007; 120: 713-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Weber M.A, Schiffrin E.L, White W.B et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Hyperyension in the Community. О Clin Hypertension 2014; 16 (1): 14-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Egan B.M, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman S.R et al. Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension 2012; 59 (6): 1124-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Thorin E, Thorin-Trescases N. Vascular endothelial ageing, heartbeat after heartbeat. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84 (1): 24-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Degaute J.P, Leeman M, Desert P. Long-term acceptability of perindopril: European multicenter trial on 856 patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 84-90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Speirs C, Wagniart F, Poggi L. Perindopril postmarketing surveillance: a 12 month study in 47 351 hypertensive patients. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 63-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Myers M.G. A dose-response study of perindopril in hypertension: effects on blood pressure 6 and 24 h after dosing. Can J Cardiology 1996; 12: 1191-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Tsoukas G, Anand S, Yang K. CONFIDENCE Investigators. Dose-dependent antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of perindopril in a large, observational, 12-week, general practice-based study. Am J Cardiovasc Drug 2011; 11 (1): 45-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>London G.M, Pannier B, Guerin A.P et al. Cardiac hypertrophy aortic compliance, peripheral resistance, and wave reflection in end-stage renal disease. Comparative effects of ACE inhibition and calcium channel blockade. Circulation 1994; 90: 2786-96.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Yalcin F, Aksoy F.G, Muderrisoglu H et al. Treatment of hypertension with perindopril reduces plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricular mass, and improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Clin Cardiol 2000; 23: 437-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Asmar R, Topouchian J, Crisan O et al. Reversion of arterial abnormalities by long-term antihypertensive therapy in large population. The Compilor study. Eur Heart J 2000; 21 (Suppl.): 2366.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ghiadoni L, Huang Y, Magagna A et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of essential hypertensive patients. High Blood Pressure 2000; 9 (Suppl.): 123.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A. Effect of losartan and perindopril on plasma PAI-1 and fibrinogen in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 1999; 17 (Suppl. 3): 58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Okrucka A, Pechan J, Kratochvilova H. Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril on endothelial and platelet function in essential hypertension. Platelets 1998; 9: 63-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Fox K.M. European trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investiga-tors. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362 (9386): 782-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ceconi C, Francolini G, Olivares A et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 577 (1-3): 1-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cleland J.G.F, Cohen-Solal A, Cosin Aguilar J et al. and the Study Group on Diagnostic of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002; 23 (360): 1631-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Vitovec J, Spinar J. First-dose hypotension after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic heart failure: a comparison of enalapril and perindopril. Eur J Heart Fail 2000; 2: 299-304.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Cleland J.G, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. The PEP investigators. Eur J Heart Fail 1999; 1: 211-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Cleland J.G, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 2338-45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Brichard S.M, Santoni J.P, Thomas J.R et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after 1 year of angio-tensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabet Metab 1989; 16: 30-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Hermans M.P, Brichard S.M, Colin I et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>years of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 102-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Campbell D.J. A Review of Perindopril in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events. J Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006; 2 (2): 117-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Di Nicolantonio J.J, O'Keefe Vasc J.H. Perindopril for improving cardiovascular events. Health Risk Manag 2014; 10: 539-48.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Smith C, Teitler M. Beta-blocker selectivity at cloned human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1999; 13 (2): 123-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Nuttall S.L, Routledge H.C, Kendall M.J. A comparison of the beta1-selectivity of three beta1-selective beta-blockers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003; 28 (3): 179-86.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Prichard B, Cruickshank J, Graham B. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. Blood Pressure 2001; 10: 366-86.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Channaraya V, Marya R.K, Somasundaram M et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a β-1 selective β blocker, bisoprolol, as a first-line antihypertensive in Indian patients diagnosed with with essential hypertension (BRIGHT): an open-label, multicentric observational study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000683. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000683.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>De la Sierra A, Gorostidi M, Banegas J.R et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Hypertensive Patients Treated With One Antihypertensive Agent: Differences Among Drug. 2015; 17 (11): 857-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou W.J, Wang R.Y, Li Y et al. A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Central Aortic Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e72102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Neutel J, Smith D, Rum C et al. Comparison of bisoprolol with atenolol for systemic hypertension in four population groups (young, old, black and non black) using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Bisoprolol Investigators Group. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72 (1): 41-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Chatterjee S.S. The cardioselective and hypotensive effects of bisoprolol in hypertensive asthmatics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): 74-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Janka H.U, Ziegler A.G, Disselhoff G et al. Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria, and haemoglobin A1 in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl 11): S96-S99.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Fogari R, Zoppi A, Pasotti C et al. Effects of different beta-blockers on lipid metabolism in chronic therapy of hypertension. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1988; 26 (12): 597-604.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Haneda T, Ido A, Fujikane T et al. Effect of bisoprolol, a beta 1-selective beta-blocker, on lipid and glucose metabolism and quality of life in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1998; 35 (1): 33-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectiveveli-disigned overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Boissel J.P, Collet J.P, Lion L et al. A randomized comparison of the effect of four antihypertensive monotherapies on the subjective quality of life in previously untreated asymptomatic patients: field trial in general practice. The OCAPI Study Group. Optimiser le Choix d’un Anti-hypertenseur de Premiere Intention. J Hypertens 1995; 13 (9): 1059-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Broncel M et al. 1998; Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257-63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257-63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>CIBIS Investigators and Committees: Lechat Ph et al. A randomized trial of b-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation 1994; 90: 1765.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>CIBIS II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. April 2015. 19th edition.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>De Champlain J, Karas M, Toal C et al. Effects of antihypertensive therapies on the sympathetic nervous system. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15: 8A-14A.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Madej A, Buldak L, Basiak M et al. The effects of 1 month antihypertensive treatment with perindopril, bisoprolol or both on the ex vivo ability of monocytes to secrete inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Pharmacol Iher 2009; 47 (11): 686-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Thoenes M, Neuberger H.R, Volpe M et al. Antihypertensive drug therapy and blood pressure control in men and women: an international perspective. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24 (5): 336-44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Law M.R, Morris J.K, Wald N.J. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Raposeiras-Roubin S, Abu-Assi E, Redondo-Dieguez A et al. Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers after acute coronary syndrome with preserved systolic function. Still relevant today? Esp Cardiol 2015; 68 (7): 585-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang H, Yuan X, Zhang H et al. Efficacy of Long-Term P-Blocker Therapy for Secondary Prevention ofLong-Term Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Circulation 2015; 131 (25): 2194-201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Gradman A.H et al. Combination therapy in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2011; 13: 146-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Bertrand M.E, Ferrari R, Remme W.J et al. Perindopril and b-blocker for the prevention of cardiac events and mortality in stable coronary artery disease patients: A European trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) subanalysis. Am Heart J 2015; 170: 1092-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Magrini G, Nicolosi G.L, Chiariello M et al. Rationale, characteristics and study design of PREAMI (Perindopril and Remodelling in the Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infraction. Ital Heart J 2005; 6 (Suppl. 7): 14S-23S.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Lechat P, Brunhuber K.W, Hofmann R et al. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 35 (9146): 9-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Brugts J.J, Bertrand M, Remme W et al. The Treatment Effect of an ACE-Inhibitor Based Regimen with Perindopril in Relation to Beta-Blocker use in 29,463 Patients with Vascular Disease: a Combined Analysis of Individual Data of ADVANCE, EUROPA and PROGRESS Trials. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2017; 31 (4): 391-400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Kannel W.B, Wolf P.A, Benjamin E.J, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Аm J Cardiol 1998; 82 (8A): 2N-9N.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999; 354 (9192): 1751-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Dahlof B, Devereux R.B, Kjeldsen S.E еt al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359 (9311): 995-1003.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
