<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">95120</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2018.12.180156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Treatment of atrial fibrillation in comorbid patients of the senior age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лечение фибрилляции предсердий у коморбидных пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doschitsin</surname><given-names>V. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дощицин</surname><given-names>Владимир Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии</p></bio><email>vlad.dos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>M. H</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Марианна Хасановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 20, NO12 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 20, №12 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95120">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95120</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atrial fibrillation is the most common and clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias. Most patients with atrial fibrillation who need treatment are elderly persons with a comorbid pathology. The review article presents data on the choice of strategy and tactics for managing such patients, the selection of antiarrhythmic drug therapy aimed at restoring and maintaining the sinus rhythm, or at decreasing the ventricular rhythm frequensy. The possibilities of using radiofrequency ablation of atria and the subsequent administration of antiarrhythmic drugs are considered taking into account the existing international recommendations</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фибрилляция предсердий - одна из самых распространенных и клинически значимых аритмий сердца. Большинство пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий, нуждающихся в лечении, - лица пожилого и старческого возраста, имеющие коморбидную патологию. В обзорной статье представлены данные о выборе стратегии и тактики ведения таких больных, подборе антиаритмической медикаментозной терапии, направленной на восстановление и удержание синусового ритма или на урежение ритма желудочков. Рассмотрены возможности использования радиочастотной аблации предсердий и последующего приема антиаритмических препаратов с учетом существующих международных рекомендаций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>senile age</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>antiarrhythmic drugs</kwd><kwd>radiofrequency ablation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>старческий возраст</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>антиаритмические препараты</kwd><kwd>радиочастотная аблация</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Кушаковский М.С., Гришкин Ю.Н. Аритмии сердца. Расстройства сердечного ритма и нарушения производимости. Руководство для врачей. СПб.: Фолиант, 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Benjamin E.J, Levy D, Vaziri S.M et al. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994; 271 (11): 840-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Go A.S, Hylek E.M, Phillips K.A et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. JAMA 2001; 285 (18): 2370-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Wolf P.A, Abbott R.D, Kannel W.B. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the framingham study. Stroke 1991; 22 (8): 983-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ruigómez A, Johansson S, Wallander M.A et al. Risk of mortality in a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with chronic atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Dis 2002; 2: 5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Kannel W.B, Wolf P.A, Benjamin E.J et al. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82 (8A): 2-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Eisen A, Christian T.R et al. Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5: e003735.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Golzari H, Cebul R.D, Bahler R.C. Atrial fibrillation: restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm and indications for anticoagulation therapy. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125 (4): 311-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Преображенский Д.В., Сидоренко Б.А. Медикаментозное лечение мерцания предсердий. М., 2003; с. 41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Calkins H, Kuck K.H, Cappato R et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. Europace 2012; 14 (4): 528-606.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Curtis B, Rich M.W. Atrial fibrillation in the elderly: mechanisms and management. Heart Rhythm 2007; 124 (4): 1577-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Carlsson J, Miketic S, Windeler J et al. STAF Investigators Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: the Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41 (10): 1690-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002; 347 (23): 1825-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Hohnloser S.H, Kuck K.H, Lilienthal J. Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation - pharmacological intervention in atrial fibrillation (PIAF): a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 9244 (356): 1789-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hagens V.E, Crijns H.J, Van Veldhuisen D.J et al. RAte Control versus Electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation study group Rate control versus rhythm control for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation with mild to moderate heart failure: results from the RAte Control versus Electrical cardioversion (RACE) study. Am Heart J 2005; 149 (6): 1106-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Corley S.D, Epstein A.E, DiMarco J.P et al. Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation 2004; 109 (12): 509-1513.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Ionescu-Ittu R, Abrahamowicz M, Jackevicius C.A et al. Comparative effectiveness of rhythm control vs rate control drug treatment effect on mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172: 997-1004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Friberg L, Hammar N, Edvardsson N et al. The prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation is improved when sinus rhythm is restored: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation (SCAF). Heart 2009; 95 (12): 1000-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Shelton R.J, Clark A.L, Goode K et al. A randomised, controlled study of rate versus rhythm control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and heart failure: (CAFE-II Study). Heart 2009; 95 (11): 924-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ушкалова Е.А., Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К. и др. Особенности фармакотерапии у пожилых пациентов. Введение в проблему. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2016; 12 (1): 94-100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Chen J, Hocini M, Bjerregaard T et al. Clinical management of arrhythmias in elderly patients: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association survey. Europace 2015; 17: 314-17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Karamichalakis N, Letsas K.P, Vlachos K et al. Managing atrial fibrillation in the very elderly patient: challenges and solutions. Vasc Health Risk Management 2015; 11: 555-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Godtfredsen J. Physiology and pathophysiology of the atria: its role in atrial fibrillation. J Thrombos Thrombolys 1999; 7: 3-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>January C.T, Wann L.S, Alpert J.S et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Рекомендации РКО, ВНОA и АССХ «Диагностика и лечение фибрилляции предсердий», 2017 г. https://www.twirpx.com/file/2258889</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS The Task Force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). Rus J Cardiol 2017; 7 (147): 7-86.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bigger J.T, Wyse D.S et al. Events in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST): Mortality in the entire population enrolled. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 14-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Greene H.L, Roden D.M, Katz R.J et al. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: first CAST.. then CAST-II. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19 (5): 894-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Благова О.В., Гиляров М.Ю., Недоступ А.В. Применение антиаритмических препаратов I класса у больных с органическим поражением сердца. Медикаментозное лечение нарушений ритма сердца. Под ред. В.А.Сулимовой. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011; с. 409-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Дощицин В.Л. Спорные вопроса лекарственной терапии аритмий сердца. Кремлевская медицина. Клин. вестник. 2015; 3: 147-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Оганов Р.Г., Денисов И.Н., Симаненков В.И. и др. Общероссийская общественная организация Ассоциация врачей общей практики (семейных врачей). Секция «Сочетанные патологии». Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2017; 16 (6): 5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Antonelli D, Darawsha A, Rimbrot S et al. Propafenone dose for emergency room conversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Harefuah 1999; 136 (11): 857-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Dogan A, Ergene O, Nazli C. Efficacy of propafenone for maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with recent onset or persistent atrial fibrillation after conversion: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Acta Cardiol 2004; 59 (3): 255-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Фомина И.Г., Таризманова А.И., Ветлужский А.В. и др. Пропафенон при восстановлении синусового ритма у больных с персистирующей формой фибрилляции предсердий. «ПРОМЕТЕЙ» - открытое, мультицентровое, пилотное исследование в Российской Федерации. Кардиоваск. терапия и профилактика. 2005; 4: 65-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Миллер О.Н., Старичков С.А., Поздняков Ю.М. и др. Эффективность и безопасность применения пропафенона (пропанорма) и амиодарона (кордарона) у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий на фоне артериальной гипертонии, ишемической болезни сердца и хронической сердечной недостаточности с сохранной систолической функцией левого желудочка. Многоцентровое открытое рандомизированное проспективное сравнительное исследование «ПРОСТОР». Рос. кардиологический журн. 2010; 4 (84).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Шубик Ю.В. Амиодарон в международных рекомендациях по лечению аритмий. РМЖ. 2008; 21: 1385.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Waldo A.L, Camm A.J, de Ruyter H et al. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. The SWORD Investigators. Survival With Oral d-Sotalol. Lancet 1996; 348 (9019): 7-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Lehmann M.H, Hardy S, Archibald D et al. Sex difference in risk of torsade de pointes with d,l-sotalol. Circulation 1996; 94 (10): 2535-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Singh B.N, Singh S.N, Reda D.J et al. Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1861-72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Тарасов А.В. Купирующая терапия аритмий. Современные подходы и новые возможности. Клуб аритмологов России. Бюллетень. 2017; 7: 15-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Каверина Н.В., Лысковцев В.В., Сенова З.П. и др. Этацизин: фармакологические свойства и перспективы клинического применения. Кардиология. 1984; 5: 52-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Недоступ А.В., Благова О.В. Этацизин: место в лечении аритмий. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2009; 4: 62-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Кукес В.Г., Шугушев Х.Х., Гнеушев Е.Т. и др. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика нового антиаритмического препарата этацизина при приеме внутрь. Сов. медицина. 1985; 4: 81-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Абдалла А., Рулин В.А., Мазур Н.А. и др. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика нового отечественного антиаритмического препарата аллапинина. Фармакол. и токсикол. 1988; 5: 47-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Курбанов Р.Д., Абдуллаев Т.А. Фармакодинамика и эффективность аллапинина у больных с нарушениями ритма сердца. Клин. мед. 1988; 10: 52-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Сыркин А.Л., Иванов Г.Г., Аксельрод А.С. и др. Прогнозирование эффективности поддерживающей антиаритмической терапии при пароксизмальной форме фибрилляции предсердий. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2010; 4: 84-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Cairns J.A, Connolly S.J, Roberts R et al. Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial Investigators. Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT. Lancet 1997; 349 (9053): 675-82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Julian D.G, Camm A.J, Frangin G et al. European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial Investigators. Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. Lancet 1997; 349 (9053): 667-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P et al. Beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Nuttall S.L, Toescu V, Kendall M.J. Beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: beta blockers have key role in reducing morbidity and mortality after infarction. BMJ 2000; 320 (7234): 581.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Tamariz L.J, Bass E.B. Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin 2004; 22: 35-45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Roberts S.A, Dias C, Nolan P.E et al. Effectiveness and costs of digoxin treatment for atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 567-73.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Yancy C.W, Jessup M, Bozkurt B et al. 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update on New Pharmacological Therapy for Heart Failure: An Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Circulation 2016; 134 (13): 282-93.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Рабочая группа по диагностике и лечению острой и хронической сердечной недостаточности Европейского Общества Кардиологов (ЕОК). Рекомендации Европейского Общества Кардиологов (ЕОК) по диагностике и лечению острой и хронической сердечной недостаточности. Пер. А.В.Концевой и др. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2012; 4 (102): 3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial ﬁbrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Терещенко С.Н., Арутюнов Г.П., Гиляревский С.Р. и др. Диагностика и лечение миокардитов. Клинические рекомендации. М., 2013; с. 1-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Дишеков М.Р., Темботова Ж.Х., Сичинава Н.В. и др. Современные подходы к лечению больных с синдромом тахибрадикардии. Электростимуляция или гибридный подход к лечению? Анналы аритмологии. 2009; 4: 59-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Канорский С.Г., Скибицкий В.В., Федоров А.В. Клиническая эффективность и возможный риск противорецидивной терапии пароксизмальной фибрилляции предсердий: необходимость учета вегетативных влияний на сердце. Вестн. аритмологии. 1998; 7: 20-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Roux J.F, Zado E, Callans D.J et al. Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study). Circulation 2009; 120 (12): 1036-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Heidenreich Р.А, Solis P, Estes M et al. 2016 ACC/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter. J Am College Cardiology 2016; 68 (5): 525-68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Chen S.A, Tai C.T. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation originating from the non-pulmonary vein foci. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005; 16 (2): 229-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Zado E, Callans D, Riley M et al. Long-Term Clinical Efficacy and Risk of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008; 19 (6): 621-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Haegeli M, Duru F, Lockwood E et al. Ablation of atrial fibrillation after the retirement age: considerations on safety and outcome. J Int Card Electrophysiol 2010, 28 (3): 193-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Tan H.W, Wang X.H, Shi H.F et al. Efficacy, safety and outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in octogenarians. Int J Card 2010; 145 (1): 147-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Nademanee K, Amnueypol M, Lee F et al. Benefits and risks of catheter ablation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12 (1): 44-51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Lim T, Day J, Weiss P et al. More Aggressive Left Atrial Ablation in Elderly Patients does not Increase Procedural Complications and Favorably Impacts Outcomes. J Innovat Card Rhythm Management 2011; 2: 206-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Исходы аблации у пациентов пожилого возраста. В кн.: Экспертный консенсусный документ HRS/EHRA/ECAS по катетерной и хирургической аблации фибрилляции предсердий. Под ред. Ю.Л.Шевченко, А.В.Свешникова, А.С.Воробьева, Ю.В.Ставцевой. 2012; с 89-90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Федорова М.Х., Чапурных А.В., Нижниченко Н.Б. и др. Эффективность и безопасность радиочастотной катетерной аблации мерцательной аритмии у пациентов старческого возраста. Клин. практика. 2017; 2: 34-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Andrade J.G, Khairy P, Verma A et al. Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012; 35 (1): 106-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Themistoclakis S, Schweikert R.A, Saliba W.I et al. Clinical predictors and relationship between early and late atrial tachyarrhythmias after pulmonary vein antrum isolation. Heart Rhythm 2008; 5 (5): 679-85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Miwa Y, Minamiguchi Н, Bhandari А.К et al. Cannom Amiodarone reduces the amount of ablation during catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Europace 2014; 16: 1007-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Catheter Ablation vs. Antiarrhythmic Drug Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial (SARA Study). 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Тарасов А.В., Давтян К.В., Махинова М.М. Результаты применения пропафенона в раннем послеоперационном периоде катетерной радиочастотной изоляции устьев легочных вен для предупреждения ранних предсердных тахиаритмий. CardioСоматика. 2015; 6 (2): 47-52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Gu J, Liu X, Tan H et al. Extensive antiarrhythmic drugs after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Acta Cardiol 2012; 67 (4): 407-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Verma A, Kilicaslan F, Pisano E et al. Response of atrial fibrillation to pulmonary vein antrum isolation is directly related to resumption and delay of pulmonary vein conduction. Circulation 2005; 112 (5): 627-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Berkowitsch A, Greiss H, Vukajlovic D et al. Usefulness of atrial fibrillation burden as a predictor for success of pulmonary vein isolation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005; 28 (12): 1292-301.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Baman T.S, Gupta S.K, Billakanty S.R et al. Time to cardioversion of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and long-term clinical outcome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009; 20 (12): 1321-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Choi J.I, Pak H.N, Park J.S et al. Clinical significance of early reccurrences of atrial tachycardia after atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 1331-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Augello G et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation and antiarrhythmic drug therapy: a prospective, randomized, 4-year follow-up trial: the APAF study Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011; 4 (6): 808-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Nielsen J.C, Johannessen А, Raatikainen P et al. Radiofrequency Ablation as Initial Therapy in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1587-95.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Hummel J, Michaud G, Hoyt R et al. Phased RF ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11: 202-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Reynolds M.R, Walczak J, White S.A et al. Improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs. Irc Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010; 3 (6): 615-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Morillo C.A, Verma A, Connolly S.J et al. RAAFT-2 Investigators. Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (RAAFT-2): a randomized trial: JAMA 2014; 311 (22): 2337.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Moreno J, Zamorano J.L. The CABANA trial. Eur Heart J 2014; 35 (29): 1908-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>www.cabanatrial.org/the-cabana-research-trial, clinicaltrials.gov</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
