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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consilium Medicum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Consilium Medicum</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-1753</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-2170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">95382</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20751753.2020.11.200368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure for COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фавипиравир как потенциальное средство противодействия при COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>Марина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАЕН, д-р мед. наук, проф., клин. фармаколог, член МОО «Ассоциация клинических фармакологов».</p></bio><email>anti23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Association of Clinical Pharmacologists</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МОО «Ассоциация клинических фармакологов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO11 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №11 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95382">https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95382</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, an analogue of purine nucleosides, licensed as an anti-influenza drug in Japan. Like other analogs of nucleosides, favipiravir acts as a prodrug, and undergoes an intracellular phosphoribosylation to be an active form, favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate. The metabolite competitively inhibits the activity of RNA polymerase of RNA viruses and prevents virus replication by incorporating into the viral RNA, acting as a chain terminator. It possesses selective or virus-specific intracellular action and low cytotoxicity. Favipiravir inhibits viral RNA synthesis by terminating chain elongation, which reduces the likelihood of mutations and the emergence of resistant virus strains. Favipiravir causes a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, which enhances the antiviral effect. Favipiravir demonstrated antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of RNA viruses, such as influenza A, B and C viruses, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, rabies, etc. In 2020, as part of screening testing of antiviral drugs, including favipiravir, it was shown in vitro antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV with better efficacy and selectivity compared to ribavirin. More than 10 clinical trials have been initiated to study the effectiveness of favipiravir for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. A fixed loading and maintenance dose of 3200/1200 mg and 3600/1600 mg was used. The results showed a better clinical effect with earlier elimination of coronavirus, regression of computed tomographic changes and the need for mechanical ventilation in the favipiravir treatment groups compared with lopinavir/ritonavir, Arbidol and other drugs. In a Russian phase II/III clinical study of efficacy and safety of favipiravir (Avifavir) (1600/600 mg or 1800/800 mg 2 times a day) vs standard treatment in patients with moderate COVID-19, favipiravir showed virus clearance within 4 days in 62,5% of patients, safety and good tolerance. Favipiravir is included in the Russian guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 and is the only approved oral medication for the treatment of moderate COVID-19 to date.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фавипиравир - противовирусный химиопрепарат широкого спектра действия, аналог пуриновых нуклеозидов, одобренный в Японии как лекарство от гриппа. Подобно другим аналогам нуклеозидов, фавипиравир действует как пролекарство, внутриклеточно метаболизируется с образованием активного метаболита фавипиравира рибофуранозил-5'-трифосфата. Метаболит конкурентно ингибирует активность РНК-полимеразы РНК-вирусов и препятствует репликации вируса за счет включения в вирусную РНК, действуя как терминатор цепи. Обладает избирательностью или вирус-специфичностью внутриклеточного действия и низким уровнем цитотоксичности. Фавипиравир как терминатор цепи прекращает удлинение цепи вирусной РНК и дальнейший синтез вирусной РНК, что снижает вероятность образования мутаций и появления резистентных штаммов вирусов. Фавипиравир приводит к значимому снижению уровня провоспалительных цитокинов, что усиливает противовирусный эффект. Фавипиравир продемонстрировал противовирусную активность против широкого спектра РНК-вирусов, таких как вирус гриппа А, В, С, вирусы Эбола, Ласса, бешенства и др. В 2020 г. в рамках скринингового тестирования противовирусных препаратов, включая фавипиравир, показано наличие противовирусной активности против 2019-nCoV в исследовании in vitro на клеточной культуре с показателями эффективности и селективности лучше, чем у рибавирина. Инициировано более 10 клинических исследований по изучению эффективности фавипиравира для лечения COVID-19 легкого и среднетяжелого течения. Применяли фиксированную нагрузочную и поддерживающую дозу 3200/1200 мг и 3600/1600 мг. Результаты показали лучший клинический эффект с более ранней элиминацией коронавируса, регрессом компьютерно-томографических изменений и потребности в искусственной вентиляции легких в группах лечения фавипиравиром в сравнении с лопинавир/ритонавиром, Арбидолом и другими препаратами. В российском клиническом исследовании II/III фазы по изучению эффективности и безопасности фавипиравира (Авифавир) у пациентов со среднетяжелым течением COVID-19 в дозах 1600/600 мг или 1800/800 мг 2 раза в сутки в сравнении со стандартным лечением показал клиренс вируса у 62,5% пациентов в течение 4 дней, безопасность и хорошую переносимость. Фавипиравир включен в Российские рекомендации по лечению COVID-19 и является единственным одобренным пероральным препаратом для лечения COVID-19 средней степени тяжести на сегодняшний день.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>favipiravir</kwd><kwd>purine nucleoside analog</kwd><kwd>antiviral activity</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фавипиравир</kwd><kwd>аналог пуриновых нуклеозидов</kwd><kwd>противовирусная активность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14: 58-60. 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