On the dependence of the quality indicators of metal products on the structure and properties of melts

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The article is devoted to a detailed study of the dependences of qualitative indicators of metal products on the structural state and properties of melts. The effectiveness of modern technologies for smelting steels and alloys is based on a deep understanding of the physics-chemical processes occurring in liquid metal. It is the state of the melt before the crystallization process that plays one of the key roles in ensuring the high quality of the finished product. On the other hand, this factor, which requires additional attention, often remains underestimated. The analysis of available theoretical concepts and experimental data on the structure of metallic liquids is carried out. The main attention is paid to the results and prospects of the introduction and application of time temperature treatment (TTT) of the melt, which makes it possible to purposefully regulate its condition and improve the quality of the solid metal. An array of experimental data is provided confirming the positive impact of the technology under discussion. Specific examples of the use of TTT melt in industrial enterprises in the manufacture of a wide range of metal products: structural, tool and stainless steels, as well as cast iron for various purposes are considered. The effects of the TTT melt technology on the behavior of low-, medium- and high-alloy steels are emphasized, demonstrating high efficiency of structure management, which leads to a decrease in the incidence of traditional defects such as shrinkage shells, chemical segregation, and others. It is shown that the use of TTT during the melting of steel makes it possible to significantly expand the range of their hot plasticity. For heat-resistant nickel alloys, the formation of an equilibrium melt makes it possible to obtain the structure and properties of a solid metal that are unattainable by other metallurgical methods. Statistics are presented showing a significant increase in the share of high-quality products and a reduction in losses at subsequent stages of metal processing. The prospects for further improvement of the methodology for the experimental determination of parameters and design characteristics of the optimal mode of thermal processing of metal for specific smelting conditions are considered. It is suggested that the melt has a high potential in the light of the growing requirements for energy conservation and rational use of resources, in order to improve the quality of the metal produced and increase the competitiveness of products.

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作者简介

E. Baryshev

UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: e.e.baryshev@urfu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

A. Tyagunov

UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

Email: e.e.baryshev@urfu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

I. Vandysheva

UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

Email: e.e.baryshev@urfu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

V. Tsepelev

UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

Email: e.e.baryshev@urfu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

G. Tyagunov

UrFU named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

Email: e.e.baryshev@urfu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

参考

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2. Fig. 1. Characteristic appearance of polytherms of kinematic viscosity (ν), surface tension (σ) and specific electrical resistance (ρ) of industrial melts.

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3. Fig. 2. Temperature dependences of relative elongation (δ) and contraction (φ) of cast samples of P6M5 steel using standard technology (1) and technology with melt heat treatment (2).

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4. Fig. 3. Polytherms of kinematic viscosity (ν) and surface tension (σ) of liquid cast iron.

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5. Fig. 4. Typical dependence of specific electrical resistance (ρ) of heat-resistant nickel alloys on temperature during heating and cooling.

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6. Fig. 5. Effect of high-temperature treatment of heat-resistant alloys on heat resistance (σ¹⁰⁰⁰₁₀₀₀) and structural-phase stability (PS) of solid metal during smelting. Primed numbers indicate VTOR technology: 1 – alloy ZhS6U; 2 – alloy ZhS3DK; 3 – alloy ZhS26U; 4 – alloy ZhS32; 5 – alloy ZhS36.

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