Vol 24, No 12 (2022)

In 2022, the incidence of swine (A/H1N1) influenza markedly increased. It causes acute lung injury similar to that caused by SARS-CoV-2. These practice guidelines focus on the management of patients with severe influenza: from the diagnostic algorithm to the specifics of therapy and the use of respiratory support techniques. The guidelines provide recommendations on the rational pharmacotherapy principles: antiviral, antibacterial, mucoactive, anticoagulant, and symptomatic. The need to avoid prescribing drugs that may worsen the condition of patients with A/H1N1 influenza that are effective in other viral lung diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, has been pointed out. A detailed review of the criteria for initiation and principles of respiratory support is given.

Aim. To compare the therapeutic efficacy of the reference drug ursodoxycholic acid (UDCA) for Russian Federation (Ursofalk) and generic UDCA preparations of other manufacturers in the solution of biliary sludge (BS).

Materials and methods. The search for studies was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) until February 2022. Inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were controlled trials, trials using the reference drug for RF – Ursofalk in one of the groups, diagnosis and subsequent assessment of the dynamics of resolution of BS according to transabdominal ultrasound, the absence of simultaneous use of other therapy that could affect therapeutic outcomes, a documented endpoint, which reflects the percentage of the total resolution of the BS in each of the compared groups.

Results. The final analysis included 6 studies involving 671 patients with BS (324 with Ursophalc, 347 with other UDCA). When using any UDCA preparations, the generalized frequency of BS dissolution within 3 months was 52.010% (95% confidence interval – CI 36.554–67.272; I²=94.07%), and after 6 months – 78.204% (95% CI 67.840–87.024; I²=86.90%). When using the RF reference drug Ursofalk, the generalized frequency of dissolution of BS during 3 months of therapy was 64.826% (95% CI 49.242–78.941; I²=87.53%), while when using other UDCA drugs it was 39.187% (95% CI 17.520–63.390; I²=95.24%). Ursofalk was more effective than other UDCA preparations (odds ratio – OR 3.183; 95% CI 1.495-6.777; I²=74.52%). A similar trend persisted when evaluating the effectiveness of a 6-month course of therapy (OR 4.614; 95% CI 2.881–7.388; I²=26.41%). Thus, the generalized frequency of dissolution of BS in the Ursofalk groups was 88.381% (95% CI 80.890–94.198; I²=64.98%), and for other UDCA drugs – 65.978% (95% CI 60.125–71.491; I²=43.22%).

Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the reference drug UDCA for RF (Ursofalk) is more effective than generic UDCA drugs from other manufacturers in diluting BS.

This article explores the relationship of physical activity to the normal functioning of the prostate gland. The biomechanism of hormonal activity during exercise was studied, and special attention was paid to the biomechanism of an actively working muscle and the release of myokines. The analysis of the relationship between myokines and the functioning of the prostate gland was carried out. It has been established that physical activity reduces the risk of developing prostate diseases and is an important method of prevention.

Currently, the search and study of new biological markers that can provide early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of treatment, or be used as prognostic markers and risk stratification criteria is ongoing. Our literature review indicates the potentially important diagnostic and prognostic value of assessing members of the interleukin-6 family. It is expected that further scientific and clinical studies will demonstrate the possibility of using members of the interleukin-6 family as an additional laboratory tool for the diagnosis, risk stratification and prediction of cardiovascular events in cardiac patients. It is necessary to evaluate in detail the possibilities of blockade of these interleukin-6 molecules in patients with cardiovascular diseases in vitro and in vivo.

The increasing prevalence of cancer worldwide has influenced the interest of researchers to search for factors that may trigger oncogenesis in order to prevent and treat cancer. There is a burning question, can allergic diseases cause or prevent cancer? Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted that have evaluated aspects of the relationship between allergic diseases and the occurrence of cancers of various localizations. The results of most of these studies are inconsistent, both in the nature of the course of the disease and in the variety of localizations of the occurrence of cancer. In this connection, two basic theories were suggested: the theory of immune surveillance and the theory of inflammation. This review analyzed current scientific work to estimate the incidence of neoplasms against the background of atopic diseases. The analysis of clinical studies shows inconsistent results of the association between allergic diseases and cancer. Several studies an inverse relationship between atopic diseases and cancer risk, which supports the theory of immune surveillance [brain tumor (glioma), pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and breast cancer, cancer of the mouth and throat, larynx]. At the same time, a number of studies note a positive association between atopic diseases and cancer, which confirms the theory of chronic inflammation (lung cancer and colorectal cancer combined with bronchial asthma). The lack of an unequivocal explanation testifies to the urgency of long-term prospective studies aimed at studying the risk factors of cancer in combination with atopic diseases with the subsequent development of risk scale for the purpose of patient stratification, screening, development of early detection programs and new approaches to the treatment of malignant neoplasms.