Vol 17, No 3 (2015)

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular disorders and one of the most common causes of vertigo. The confirmation of BPPV is based on a set of positioning tests, and the treatment includes different types of repositioning maneuvers. The authors focus one tiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. The most widely used, simple and effective positioning tests and repositioning procedures are described.

Among the large variety of destructive processes of lung diseases, most have different etiological roots. The relevance of this theme determines the radiological similarities of all diseases that occur with the destruction of lung tissue and the difficulty of differential diagnostic analysis that determines further choice of tactics - conservative or surgical tactics.

The paper presents the analysis of prospective effectiveness of vaccination 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 at 2 years in patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in patients with combined COPD and coronary heart disease (CHD). The study involved 373 patients.Key findings: for comorbid COPD and CHD is characterized by an increase in severity of the disease, worsening of respiratory symptoms and bronchial patency, worsening functional class of angina. Vaccination of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 reduces the subjective manifestations of dyspnea in patients with combined over both, and at isolated forms of COPD and CHD. Functional indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular system - forced expiratory volume in 1 second and ejection fraction - remain a significant increase in the two-year term after vaccination of patients. The vaccinated patients with comorbidity occurs a significant decrease in exacerbations of COPD 8 times and fewer admissions to 4 times.

Histamine is one of the most important mediators that are released from mast cells and basophils in allergic diseases. The main means for the treatment of allergies are H1-antihistamines second generation, which are highly specific agonists H1 receptor for long periods. Recent studies have shown that some of H1-antihistamines in addition to the second-generation antihistamine activity have anti-inflammatory activity that is not related to the blockade of H1-receptors, and blocking due to the release of inflammatory mediators by basophils, mast cells, a decrease in the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibition of attraction in the area of inflammation cells allergic response. Thus, the second-generation antihistamines may inhibit the development of late phase and prevent chronization allergic inflammation. This article provides an overview of the currently available information on antihistamines, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic profile of desloratadine.