Vol 26, No 7 (2024): Women's and men's health

Aim. To evaluate the effect of smoking on the blood rheology of pregnant smokers with chronic nonspecific bronchial inflammation.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 107 pregnant smoking patients and 136 non-smoking pregnant women who were observed in a polyclinic. The control group consisted of 42 non-smoking women without chronic diseases. The patients were examined according to the clinical guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The speed and volume indicators of the function of external respiration, indicators of blood rheology were studied. The reliability of the results was assessed using the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics. Before applying all statistical research methods, it was checked whether the sample obeys the Gaussian (normal) distribution law. A single-factor analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the averages of three or more independent groups.

Results. Having refuted the null hypothesis about the absence of the effect of smoking on hemoglobin, using the Student's t-test method for dependent samples, it was established.

Conclusion. The longer the period of tobacco use lasted, the more likely it was to develop changes in the viscosity qualities of blood, which undoubtedly affected the condition of patients and the fetus.

Background. Every year, the number of patients who face cancer without having time to realize their reproductive function increases. In view of this, there is a growing need to develop and improve various ways to preserve fertility in this category of patients. The most common techniques are in vitro maturation of oocytes and controlled ovarian stimulation followed by vitrification of oocytes and embryos. At the same time, transvaginal puncture (TVP) has a risk of developing complications such as bleeding or an infectious process. Disorders of the vaginal microflora also increase the likelihood of inflammatory diseases. In this regard, the correction of vaginal dysbiosis is an integral part of the protocols of assisted reproductive technologies before the TVP.

Aim. Development of an integrated approach to the preservation of reproductive material in patients with oncological pathology.

Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study of 39 women with an identified oncological process and bacterial vaginosis was conducted. The patients were divided into 2 groups: oral probiotic was added to clindamycin therapy in group 1, and vaginal probiotic in group 2. The ovarian reserve was examined for everyone, the qualitative composition of the vaginal microflora was determined, pH-metry was performed and related specialists were consulted if necessary.

Results. The patients are comparable in age and ovarian reserve. When using an oral probiotic, an improvement in the qualitative composition of the microflora was noted due to a decrease in opportunistic flora (Gardnerella vaginalis) and an increase in the number of lactobacilli. The vaginal probiotic showed comparable results, but the recurrence rate was 28%, while in group 1 it was 18%. It was noted that when taking Enterolactis Duo, the symptoms associated with chemotherapy treatment decrease. During the study, 396 oocytes were obtained, of which 212 are suitable for vitrification and fertilization.

Conclusion. Currently, the development of oncofertility methods and their improvement remain one of the urgent problems. Taking an oral probiotic helps to normalize the vaginal microflora, neutralize the risks of infectious complications in TVP, reduce the likelihood of recurrence of dysbiosis and the development of adverse events associated with chemotherapy. The use of ovulation stimulation demonstrates higher rates compared to in vitro maturation. However, a combination of these procedures can be used to increase the amount of material obtained, which is subsequently used in assisted reproductive technology protocols.

Background. Overactive bladder (OAB) and nocturnal enuresis are among the most common causes of urinary dysfunction in adults and children, respectively. The pathogenesis factors of OAB and nocturnal enuresis largely coincide. Among adults with OAB, a large proportion of patients have a history of nocturnal enuresis.

Aim. To study the features of the clinical course of OAB in women with childhood nocturnal enuresis.

Materials and methods. The study included 212 women with OAB (mean age 54.1±0.8 years), who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of the history of childhood nocturnal enuresis. Group 1 included 41 (19.3%) patients with childhood nocturnal enuresis, group 2 included 171 (80.7%) women without a history of childhood nocturnal enuresis. All patients underwent a comprehensive urodynamic study.

Results. The severity of clinical symptoms of OAB did not differ between patients of groups 1 and 2. Predictors of a more severe clinical course of OAB and a greater likelihood of developing urge incontinence were the presence of a non-monosymptomatic form of enuresis and an age of cessation of enuresis of 10 years or older. Women from group 1 also showed a higher incidence of detrusor overactivity compared to group 2 (29.3% vs 10.5%).

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a connection between childhood nocturnal enuresis and the clinical course of OAB in adult women.

The article describes the risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms of development of various prostate diseases and highlights the problems in their treatment. Information on regulatory peptides and their mechanism of action is presented. Clinical studies proving the high effectiveness of bioregulatory peptides in the treatment of chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia are presented. The analysis was carried out and evidence of the effectiveness of domestic drugs Prostatex and Prostateks Plus in the treatment of prostate diseases was presented.

A bladder diverticulum (BD) is a blindly terminating sac-like protrusion of the bladder wall with or without involvement of the muscular layer. BDs are categorized into true (congenital) and false (acquired), single and multiple. False diverticula are more common and develop in infravesical obstruction due to urethral stricture, prostate neoplasms, neurogenic disorders and other lower urinary tract diseases. Currently, there are no clear recommendations regarding the tactics of treatment of BD, so the choice of treatment method is based on the determination of the cause of BD, assessment of clinical manifestations and diagnostic results (localization, size, number, etc.), as well as the identification of concomitant anomalies and diseases of the upper urinary tract. The priority in the treatment of BD is surgical treatment. The article presents the observation of a patient with a developmental anomaly in the form of aplasia of the left kidney combined with a large congenital BD in the area of the missing mouth of the aplasic left ureter. The results of examination and treatment in the form of laparoscopic diverticulectomy are presented. A brief review of the literature on the problem of diverticulosis has been carried out.

Obesity is a chronic multifactorial recurrent condition with serious health consequences that contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality in the population. A positive energy balance, which occurs when food is consumed in an amount exceeding the energy consumption or when energy consumption is reduced, is considered one of the main mechanisms of obesity. The most common type of obesity is exogenous (alimentary-constitutional). There are various pathophysiological determinants of obesity, with adipose tissue playing the most significant role. Non-pharmacological therapies, including lifestyle changes through nutritional correction and increase in physical activity, behavioral therapies aimed at preventing or treating eating disorders, are recommended as the first, mandatory, and continuous stage of obesity treatment. However, the use of non-pharmacological interventions alone is often limited by insufficient effectiveness. Fonturacetam has a promising potential for use in the fight against obesity. The mechanisms of fonturacetam influence on body weight control, energy homeostasis, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory effects showed in studies are the key factors determining the prospects of fonturacetam use in the complex therapy of obesity.