Vol 18, No 3 (2016)

In preparation for the epidemic rise in the incidence of influenza and SARS 2015-2016. Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service was organized and conducted complex of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures, will prevent complications of the situation. The epidemic of SARS and influenza season 2015-2016. in the Russian Federation was characterized by a wide geographical distribution with the inclusion of the epidemic process of all age groups, the early involvement of the country's southern, moderate length regions, the dominance in the etiological structure of influenza A (H1N1) 2009, the absence of severe clinical forms of infection among vaccinated individuals.

The problem of treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is interdisciplinary and covers medical, social and economic aspects. The high relevance of the problem is determined by the prevalence of infections themselves, high sensitivity to them patients of all age categories, a significant rate of complications and exacerbations of several chronic diseases, especially in patients at risk. The lack of specific methods of prevention and treatment of ARVI, its non-influenza etiology, limited range of drugs for antiviral therapy in this group of medicines determine the need for a thorough analysis of the efficacy and safety of existing drugs with the position of evidence-based medicine. Attention of authors was attracted by a group of innovative domestic antivirals, established on the basis of antibodies to interferon-g release in a human-active form. This work is carried out with the purpose of concentration and systematization of information on the results of the preclinical assessment of antiviral activity of Ergoferon, Anaferon Kids and Anaferon, as well as data from clinical studies of these drugs in acute respiratory viral infections in children and adults. It uses search-analytical method for processing information sources published in specialized medical journals and are freely available in printed and electronic form on the Internet. The work is a brief literature review, which presents evidence of antiviral activity of Ergoferon, Anaferon Kids and Anaferon, current understanding of the mechanism of action of drugs, based on the data of the complex scientific and experimental studies on the molecular level. Also, review the results of clinical trials, which, according to the authors, with a high degree of evidence demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy and Ergoferon, as well as Anaferon Kids in the treatment of ARVI. Proofs of comparability of treatment of the antiviral activity of these drugs with ostamyvirum during influenza treatment in children and adults.

Consistently high incidence of acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified localization, and significant economic losses induced by them dictate the need for the development of therapeutic and preventive measures against this pathology. The purpose of the study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the drug Kagocel and tolerance to it in the treatment of acute respiratory infections (ARI).Materials and methodology. Included in the observational study were 100 patients from 43 to 65 years of age, who received outpatient treatment with a confirmed diagnosis of ARI, whose working conditions featured low intensity occupational hazards, and who were taking Kagocel in combination with symptomatic therapy. The control group consisted of 50 patients of comparable age with an established diagnosis of acute respiratory disease receiving only symptomatic therapy on an outpatient basis. Evaluated were the efficacy of Kagocel and the tolerance to the drug. The results of observational studies were processed with the standard software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) using standard methods of comparative analysis and descriptive statistics.Results. The assessment of the treatment effectiveness revealed that the intoxication and catarrhal syndromes with patients taking Kagocel had been less pronounced already on day 3 of treatment, as compared to the group of patients receiving just symptomatic therapy. The analysis of additionally prescribed drugs showed that none of the patients in the main group was in need of being prescribed antimicrobial and mucolytic drugs, and the duration of taking symptomatic medications was 1.8±0.1 days. In the control group the average duration of receiving medications was 3.9±0.4 days (p<0.05), while 10.0 percent of the cases required administration of penicillins combined with mucolytics due to the complicated course of ARI. Also noted were good tolerance and lack of side effects in the course of treating ARI accompanied with the administration of Kagocel.Conclusions: 1. The results of the outpatient administration of the drug Kagocel in the treatment of ARI demonstrate high clinical efficiency of ARI therapy with Kagocel as the reference drug (as compared to symptomatic therapy). 2. Administration of Kagocel featured a more rapid relief of intoxication and catarrhal syndromes of the disease, resulting in the reduction in the need for symptomatic remedies and facilitating a quicker recovery (as compared to symptomatic therapeutic agents). 3. The inclusion of the drug Kagocel in the ARI treatment not only resulted in a more rapid control of the disease, but also prevented the development of complications. Patients of the main group taking Kagocel did not suffer from exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 4. Kagocel proved to be tolerated well, and its use was not accompanied by complications or side effects.

The publication addresses key issues of management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the hospital. Submitted by examination of the patient algorithm at the stage of a reception, the tactics of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy in patients hospitalized in the ward of a general, the volume survey of patients with severe pneumonia, entering the intensive care unit, antibiotic treatment of severe pneumonia, the algorithm of examination in the case of unresolved (slowly permitted) pneumonia.

B2-Agonists are effective bronchodilators due primarily to their ability to relax airway smooth muscle. Short-acting b2- agonists provide rapid as-needed symptom relief and short-term prophylactic protection against bronchoconstriction induced by exercise or other stimuli. But it was very important to increase compliance of control regimen of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medication. The 12-hours duration showed compliance increasing due to twice administration per day. Creating ultra-long-acting b2-agonists having a rapid onset of effect and acceptable safety profile with once-daily dose administration, is an important strategy to improve adherence and is a regimen preferred by most patients, which may also lead to enhancement of compliance, and may have advantages leading to improved overall clinical outcomes due to long-term and stability bronchodilating effect.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by a high mortality rate. Due to the ever-growing social and economic burden, considerable attention is paid to the optimal management of patients with COPD and related exacerbations. Currently glucocorticoid (GC) remains the standard treatment for COPD exacerbations, that is based on their documented efficacy in reducing the severity of bronchial, improving gas exchange (increased forced expiratory volume in 1 second and PaO2), as well as dyspnea, decreased hospital stays and the percentage relapse over the next 30 days. Oral GC preferred over parenteral, both in terms of cost and ease of use. Inhaled GC can be used in non-severe exacerbations of COPD as an alternative to systemic steroid until other studies will be obtained.Despite the absence of large randomized controlled studies, the available data support a shorter period of treatment GK than previously recommended by the 10-14-day course of therapy. In particular, the results of a recently published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have shown that 5-day course of systemic GC showed no less effective than the traditional 14-day regimen. Given these data, it is likely many patients are unnecessarily exposed to the negative impact of a longer course of treatment GK.It should be noted that the application of the Civil Code in exacerbations of COPD, a number of issues still remain open. For example, there are no studies on the direct comparison of different modes of HA and their use in patients with varying severity of exacerbations of COPD.

Most patients suffering from bronchial asthma achieved disease control as a result of therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and b2-agonists, but these drugs may be ineffective in the treatment of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of broncho-obstructive syndrome in young children and the most frequent triggers of asthmatic exacerbations in children, adolescents and adults. This article discusses the relationship of respiratory viruses and allergens, causes of virus-induced asthma exacerbations, as well as the role of antileukotriene drugs in the treatment of asthma and prevention of virus-induced exacerbations.

The article presents the results of the literature review for the study of the etiology, clinical features, approach to diagnosis and treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis by domestic and foreign otolaryngologists.

In the treatment of respiratory diseases of the upper respiratory tract a wide range of medicines is used. The aim of the study was to investigate the combined use of irrigation and elimination therapy and nasal decongestants in the prevention and treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis in 63 children aged 3 to 15 years.The study was conducted via open clinical comparative study evaluating the efficacy, safety and ease of use of drugs and SeptoAqua SeptaNazal® taking into account the views of parents of children with rhinitis and sinusitis.SeptoAqua drug was administered at a dose of 1-2 age-injection in each nostril once a day for 7 days, SeptaNazal® preparation - 1 injection in each nostril 3 times a day for 5 days. The study drugs and SeptoAqua SeptaNazal® demonstrated good tolerability, the absence of adverse drug reactions, ease of use, a high efficiency in the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis in children.

The article presents a review of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of an intranasal spray Euphorbium compositum. Spray for nasal application is an alternative to conventional drugs used for the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis, which has no characteristic of these drugs side effects and limitations. The better tolerability compared with xylometazoline can recommend Euphorbium compositum as a means for long-term treatment of chronic sinusitis.The complex mechanism of action of the drug provides its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.

The paper summarizes data on the prevalence of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, the basic units of etiopathogenesis, formulated the basic principles of modern antibiotic policy of acute bacterial sinusitis, substantiated indications for the use of amoxicillin/clavulanate in combination with bacterial lysate Broncho-munal®. In clinical use of combined scheme with equal efficiency was significantly fewer relapses in the long-term follow-up compared to the group, where Broncho-munal® wasn't used.